In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast and maneuverable yet long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against smaller, powerful, short-range attackers. Destroyers, originally called torpedo-boat destroyers in 1892, evolved from the response of navies to the threat posed by the torpedo boat. Growing from earlier defensive developments, the torpedo boat destroyer (TBD) first appeared as a distinct class of warship when HMS Havock and Hornet were commissioned into the Royal Navy in 1894. By the time of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, TBDs were "large, swift, and powerfully armed torpedo boats designed to destroy other torpedo boats." Although the term destroyer had been used interchangeably with the terms "TBD" and "torpedo boat destroyer" by navies since 1892, the term torpedo boat destroyer had been generally shortened to simply "destroyer" by nearly all navies by the First World War.
Prior to World War II, destroyers were light vessels with little endurance for unattended ocean operations; typically a number of destroyers and a single destroyer tender operated together. After the war, the advent of the guided missile allowed destroyers to take on the surface combatant roles previously filled by battleships and cruisers. This resulted in larger and more powerful destroyers more capable of independent operation.
At the dawn of the 21st Century, destroyers are the heaviest surface combatant ships in general use, with only three nations (the United States, Russia, and Peru) operating the heavier class cruisers and none operating battleships or true battlecruisers. Modern destroyers, also known as guided missile destroyers, are equivalent in tonnage but vastly superior in firepower to cruisers of the World War II era, capable of carrying nuclear missiles. Guided missile destroyers such as the Arleigh Burke class are actually larger and more heavily armed than most previous ships classified as guided missile cruisers, due to their massive size at 510 feet (160 m) long and weighting in at 9200 tons and armed with over 90 missiles.List of Destroyer Battleship Classes:
Destroyer Batteship | Picture | spesifikasi | Country | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zumwalt Class Destroyer | Displacement: 14,564 - 14,798 tons Length: 600 ft (180 m) Beam: 80.7 ft (24.6 m) Draft: 27.6 ft (8.4 m) Propulsion: 105,000 shp Speed: 30 knot (56 km/h) | US | 2015 | |
Kolkata Cass Destroyer | Displacement: 6,800 ton Length: 163 m (535 ft) Beam: 17.4 m (57 ft) Propulsion: 9,900 hp (7,400 kW) Speed: 30 knots (56 km/h) | India | 2012 | |
Type 052C destroyer - Luyang II class | Displacement: 7,000 tons Length:154 m Beam: 17 m Draught: 6 m Propulsion: CODOG 57,000 shp Speed: 30 knots | China | 2010 | |
Akizuki Class Destroyer | Displacement: 6,800 tons Length:150.5 m Beam: 18.3 m Draught: 5.3 m Propulsion: COGAG, two shafts, four Rolls Royce Spey SM1C turbines Speed: 30 knots | Japan | 2010 | |
Type 45 Destroyer | Displacement: 8,100 tons Length:154.2 m Beam: 21.2 m Draught: 7.4 m Propulsion: 2× (28,800 shp) 2× (2,700 shp) 2× (27,000 shp) Speed: 29 knots | UK | 2009 | |
Atago Class Destroyer | Displacement: 10,000 tons Length:170 m Beam: 21 m Draught: 6.2 m Propulsion: 100,000 shp Speed: 29 knots | Japan | 2007 | |
King Sejong the Great Class Destroyer | Displacement: 11,000 tons Length:165.9 m Beam: 21.4 m Draught: 6.25 m Propulsion: 100,000 shp Speed: 30 knots | South Korea | 2007 | |
Type 051C (Luzhou) Class Destroyer | Displacement: 7,100 tons Length: 508.5 feet (155 m) Beam: 55.8 feet (17 m) Draught: 19.7 feet (6 m) | China | 2006 | |
Type 052B Guangzhou Class | Displacement: 5,850 tons Length:154 m Beam: 17 m Draught: 6 m Propulsion: 57,000 shp Speed: 30 knots | China | 2004 | |
Takanami class destroyer | Japan | 2003 | ||
Chungmugong Yi Sun-shin class destroyer | South Korea | 2003 | ||
Type 051B Luhai-class | China | 1998 | ||
Gwanggaeto the Great class destroyer | South Korea | 1998 | ||
Murasame class destroyer | Japan | 1996 | ||
Tourville class | France | 1994 | ||
Durand de la Penne class destroyer | Italy | 1993 | ||
Arleigh Burke Class Destroyer | Displacement: 9,166 -11,000 tons Length: 505 ft (154 m) Beam: 66 ft (20 m) Draft: 30.5 ft (9.3 m) Propulsion: 108,000 shp Speed: 30 kn (56 km/h; 35 mph) Range: 4,400 nmi (8,100 km) at 20 kn (37 km/h; 23 mph) | US | 1991 | |
Kongō class destroyer | Japan | 1990 | ||
Abukuma class destroyer escort | Japan | 1989 | ||
Asagiri class destroyer | Japan | 1986 | ||
Hatakaze class destroyer | Japan | 1986 | ||
Hatsuyuki class destroyer | Japan | 1982 | ||
Kidd class destroyer | US | 1981 | ||
Sovremenny Class Destroyer | Displacement: 6,200 tons standard, 7,940 tons full load Length: 156 m Beam: 17.3 m Draught: 6.5 m Propulsion: 100,000 hp (75,000 kW), Speed: 32.7 knots Range: 14,000 nm at 14 knot | Russia | 1980 | |
Rajput class destroyer | India | 1980 | ||
Shirane class destroyer | Japan | 1980 | ||
Udaloy class destroyer | Russia | 1980 | ||
Sovremenny class destroyer | Russia | 1980 | ||
Delhi Class Destroyer | Displacement: 6,200 tons Length: 163 m (535 ft) Beam: 17.4 m (57 ft) Draught: 6.5 m (21 ft) Propulsion: 64,000 shp Speed: 28 knots (52 km/h)+ Range: 5,000 mi (8,000 km) | India | 1977 | |
Tachikaze class destroyer | Japan | 1976 | ||
Type 42 destroyer | UK | 1975 | ||
Spruance class destroyer | US | 1975 | ||
Haruna class destroyer | Japan | 1973 | ||
Type 82 or Bristol-class destroyer | UK | 1973 | ||
Audace class destroyer | Italy | 1972 | ||
Type 051 Luda class | China | 1971 | ||
Type 103 Lütjens class | Germany | 1970 | ||
HMAS Brisbane (D 41) | Australia | 1967 | ||
Minegumo class destroyer | Japan | 1967 | ||
Takatsuki class destroyer | Japan | 1967 | ||
Yamagumo class destroyer | Japan | 1966 | ||
Perth class destroyers | Australia | 1965 | ||
Kanin class destroyer | Russia | 1965 | ||
Type 101 Hamburg class | Germany | 1964 | ||
Kashin class destroyer | Russia | 1964 | ||
Impavido class destroyer | Italy | 1963 | ||
County class destroyer | UK | 1962 | ||
River class destroyer escort | Australia | 1961 | ||
FGS Schleswig-Holstein (D-182) | Germany | 1960 | ||
Farragut class destroyer | US | 1959 | ||
Ayanami class destroyer | Japan | 1958 | ||
Kotlin class destroyer | Russia | 1958 | ||
Charles F. Adams class destroyer | US | 1958 | ||
Impetuoso class destroyer | Italy | 1957 | ||
Harukaze class destroyer | Japan | 1956 | ||
Friesland class destroyer | Netherlands | 1956 | ||
Holland class destroyer | Netherlands | 1956 | ||
Almirante Clemente class destroyer | Venezuela | 1956 | ||
Anshan class | China | 1955 | ||
T 53 class destroyer | France | 1955 | ||
T 47 class destroyer | France | 1955 | ||
Östergötland class destroyer | Sweden | 1955 | ||
Halland class destroyer | Sweden | 1955 | ||
Forrest Sherman class destroyer | US | 1955 | ||
Mitscher class destroyer | US | 1953 | ||
Nueva Esparta class destroyer | Venezuela | 1953 | ||
Kildin class destroyer | Russia | 1950 | ||
Neustrashimy class destroyer | Russia | 1950 | ||
Soldati class destroyer | Italy | 1949 | ||
Skoryy class destroyer | Russia | 1949 | ||
Gearing class destroyer | US | 1945 | ||
Ognevoy class destroyer | Russia | 1944 | ||
Visby class destroyer | Sweden | 1943 | ||
Allen M. Sumner class destroyer | US | 1943 | ||
Battle class | Australia - UK | 1942 | ||
Fletcher class destroyer | US | 1942 | ||
Gerard Callenburgh class destroyer | Netherlands | 1941 | ||
Opytny class destroyer | Russia | 1941 | ||
Soobrazitelny class destroyer | Russia | 1940 | ||
Benson class destroyer | US | 1940 | ||
Gleaves class destroyer | US | 1940 | ||
Mogador class destroyer | France | 1939 | ||
Soldati class destroyer | Russia | 1939 | ||
Tashkent class destroyer | Russia | 1939 | ||
Sims class destroyer | US | 1939 | ||
Benham class destroyer | US | 1939 | ||
J, K and N class | UK | 1938 | ||
Tribal class, or Afridi class | UK | 1938 | ||
Gnevny class destroyer | Russia | 1938 | ||
Yugoslav destroyer R-11 split | Yugoslavia | 1938 | ||
Z17 Diether von Roeder | Germany | 1937 | ||
Z4 Richard Beitzen | Germany | 1937 | ||
Oriani class destroyer | Italy | 1937 | ||
Somers class destroyer | US | 1937 | ||
Bagley class destroyer | US | 1937 | ||
Gridley class destroyer | US | 1937 | ||
Hardi class destroyer | France | 1936 | ||
Zerstörer 1936A-Narvik-class destroyers | Germany | 1936 | ||
Sleipner class destroyer | Norway | 1936 | ||
Leningrad class destroyer | Russia | 1936 | ||
Mahan class destroyer | US | 1936 | ||
Porter class destroyer | US | 1936 | ||
Maestrale class destroyer | Italy | 1934 | ||
Farragut class destroyer | US | 1934 | ||
Fantasque class destroyer | France | 1933 | ||
Folgore class destroyer | Italy | 1932 | ||
Vauquelin class destroyer | France | 1931 | ||
Aigle class destroyers | France | 1931 | ||
Freccia class destroyer | Italy | 1931 | ||
Beograd class destroyer | Yugoslavia | 1930 | ||
JRM Dubrovnik | Yugoslavia | 1930 | ||
Guépard class destroyer | France | 1930 | ||
Mendoza class | Argentina | 1929 | ||
Navigatori class destroyer | Italy | 1929 | ||
Adroit class destroyer | France | 1928 | ||
Admiralen class destroyer | Netherlands | 1928 | ||
Sauro class destroyer | Italy | 1927 | ||
Turbine class destroyer | Italy | 1927 | ||
Churruca class destroyer | Spain | 1927 | ||
Churruca class destroyer | Spain | 1927 | ||
Bourrasque class destroyer | France | 1926 | ||
Sella class destroyer | Italy | 1926 | ||
Leone class destroyer | Italy | 1924 | ||
Curtatone class destroyer | Italy | 1924 | ||
Chacal class destroyer | France | 1923 | ||
Clemson class destroyer | US | 1919 | ||
Scott Class - Admiralty type | UK | 1918 | ||
Arabe class | France | 1917 | ||
Wickes class destroyer | US | 1917 | ||
Caldwell class destroyer | US | 1917 | ||
Sampson class destroyer | US | 1916 | ||
Tucker class destroyer | US | 1916 | ||
Enseigne Roux class | France | 1915 | ||
O'Brien class destroyer | US | 1915 | ||
Adventurier class | France | 1914 | ||
Cassin class destroyer | US | 1913 | ||
Bisson class | France | 1912 | ||
Bouclier class | France | 1911 | ||
Roofdier class destroyer | Netherlands | 1911 | ||
Paulding class destroyer | US | 1910 | ||
Chasseur class | France | 1909 | ||
Smith class destroyer | US | 1909 | ||
Spahi | France | 1908 | ||
Voltigeur class | France | 1908 | ||
Draug class destroyer | Norway | 1908 | ||
Branlebas class | France | 1907 | ||
G132 class torpedo boat | Germany | 1906 | ||
Claymore class | France | 1905 | ||
Arquebuse class | France | 1902 | ||
Bainbridge class destroyer | US | 1902 | ||
Rochefortais class | France | 1900 | ||
Durandal class | France | 1899 | ||
Framee Class | France | 1899 | ||
Truxtun class destroyer | US | 1898 | ||
Spanish warship Destructor | Spain | 1886 |
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