An anti-materiel rifle (AM) is a rifle that is designed for use against military equipment (materiel) rather than against other combatants ("anti-personnel").
The offensive use of anti-materiel rifles or Special Application Sniper Rifles (SASR) is termed Hard Target Interdiction (HTI) by the United States military.
Anti-materiel rifles are similar in form and appearance to modern sniper rifles and can often serve in that role, though they are usually chambered for cartridges more powerful than are normally required for neutralizing an enemy combatant and can operate at a greater range. In general, anti-materiel rifles are chambered for 12.7x99mm NATO (.50 BMG), 12.7x108mm Russian or even 14.5x114mm Russian and 20mm cartridges. The large cartridges are required to be able to fire projectiles containing usable payloads like explosives, armour-piercing cores, incendiaries, or combinations of these, as found in the Raufoss Mk211 projectile.
Due to the considerable size and weight of anti-materiel rifles and other support equipment, sniper cells operating in 2- or 3-man or larger teams become a necessity. The recoil produced by the employed cartridges dictates that these rifles are designed to be fired from the prone position. Bipods and monopods and muzzle brakes are used as accessories to employ these rifles as comfortably and accurately as possible. Firing several 12.7x99mm NATO or larger cartridges from the (unsupported) standing position or in a kneeling position would be very uncomfortable for the operator.
The origins of the anti-materiel rifle go back to the First World War, during which the first anti-tank rifles appeared. While modern tanks and most other armoured vehicles are too well protected to be affected by anti-materiel rifles, the guns are still effective for attacking unarmored or lightly armored vehicles. They can also be used against enemy aircraft, small watercraft, communications equipment, radar equipment, crew served weapons and similar targets. Their value is in being able to precisely target and disable enemy assets from long range for a relatively low cost.
Anti-materiel rifles can also be used in non-offensive roles for safely destroying unexploded ordnance.
List of Anti Material Rifle:
| Anti-Material Rifle | Picture | Specifications | Country | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anzio Ironworks Corporation AIC Mag-Fed 20mm | US | 2008 | ||
| Barrett M107 | US | 2008 | ||
| Istiglal Anti-Material Rifle | Azerbaijan | 2008 | ||
| Vidhwansak AMR | India | 2007 | ||
| Accuracy International AS50 | UK | 2007 | ||
| WKW Wilk | Poland | 2005 | ||
| Steyr HS .50 | Austria | 2004 | ||
| Barrett XM109 | US | 2000 an | ||
| Accuracy International AW50F | UK | 2000 an | ||
| AMR-2 | China | 2000 an | ||
| ČZW-127 | Czech Republic | 2000 an | ||
| McMillan Tac-50 | US | 2000 | ||
| Accuracy International AW50 | UK | 1999 | ||
| KSVK (ASVK) | Russia | 1999 | ||
| Steyr IWS 2000 | Austria | 1999 | ||
| Denel NTW-20 | South Africa | 1998 | ||
| Zastava M93 Black Arrow | Yugoslavia | 1998 | ||
| Helenius RK-97 APH | Finland | 1996 | ||
| RT-20 | Croatia | 1994 | ||
| PGM Hecate II | France | 1993 | ||
| Heckler & Koch HK WSG2000 | Germany | 1990 | ||
| Zbrojovka ZB Falcon | Czech Republic | 1990 | ||
| Gepard anti-materiel rifle | Hungary | 1990 | ||
| Degtyarev PTRD 1941 (PTRD-41) | Russia | 1941 | ||
| Simonov PTRS 1941 (PTRS-41) | Russia | 1941 | ||
| Solothurn S-18/1000 | Germany Switzerland | 1940 an | ||
| Solothurn S-18/100 | Germany Switzerland | 1940 an | ||
| Lahti L-39 | Finland | 1939 | ||
| Panzerbuchse 39 (PzB 39) | Germany | 1939 | ||
| Type 97 20mm AT | Japan | 1939 | ||
| Wz. 35 anti-tank rifle | Poland | 1939 | ||
| Panzerbuchse 38 (PzB 38) | Germany | 1938 | ||
| Boys Anti-Tank Rifle (Stanchion) | UK | 1937 | ||
| Mauser 1918 T-Gewehr | Germany | 1918 |
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