SSM-700K Hae Sung I

SSM-700K Hae Sung I (Sea Star) Anti-ship Missile is a ship launched anti-ship cruise missile developed by the Korea Agency for Defense Development (ADD), Nex1 Future and the Republic of Korea Navy in 2003. The missiles are deployed on KDX-II and KDX-III destroyers as of 2006, each carrying 8 and 16 of the missiles respectively.

During the 1970s the Republic of Korea Navy decided to import Exocet anti-ship missiles to deter North Korean naval provocations. Considering the fact that the DPRK Navy is composed of numerous small to mid size ships, the need for a cheap small size guided anti-ship missile was proposed. In 1978 the Korean Agency for Defense Development (ADD) started the development of the Hae Ryong anti-ship missile, and by 1987 the ROK Navy approved for the mass production of the missiles. But because the Hae Ryong was fitted with a semi-active laser guidance system, limiting its tactical capability during bad weather. Additional pressure from the USA ultimately resulted in the termination of the project.

In 1990, the problem of large proportions of the defense budget going into buying anti-ship missiles from foreign countries was brought up. The ROK Navy ordered the ADD to develop a missile that was in par with or better in performance than the Harpoon Block 1C missile. The new missile was codenamed Hae Sung, and research of the following core missile technologies was started in 1996.

• Microwave Seeking System
• Inertial Navigation System
• Radio Altimeter
• Electronic Jamming system
• Turbofan Engine

After 7 years of research, on August 21, 2003, the ADD successfully test fired the Hae Sung-I and sunk the target dummy vessel. On December 20, 2005 the first production model was successfully fired from ROKS Dae Joyeong (DDH 977) KDX-II class destroyer.

Hae Sung I
Type	Anti-ship missile
Place of origin	Republic of Korea
Service history
In service	2006-present
Used by	Republic of Korea Navy
Production history
Designer	Korea Agency for Defense Development (ADD) & Nex1 Future
Designed	1996-2003
Unit cost	₩ 2,500,000,000
Produced	2004-present
Specifications
Weight	718 kg
Length	5.46 m
Width	0.34 m
Operational range	150 km
Speed	1013 km/h (Mach 0.85)

Production

33 units were delivered by 2007 for the first production phase of the missile. 100 more Hae Sung-I missiles are to be delivered to the ROK Navy by 2010.

Production Phase	Production Date	Production number	Notes
Phase 1	2005–2007	33	-
Phase 2	2008–2010	100+	-

BAe Sea Eagle

The BAe Sea Eagle is a medium weight, 'fire-and-forget', sea-skimming anti-ship missile designed and built by BAe Dynamics (now MBDA) in service with the Indian Navy.

It is designed to sink or disable ships up to the size of aircraft carriers in the face of jamming and other countermeasures including decoys.

Sea Eagle is powered by a licence-built, paraffin-fuelled Microturbo TRI-60 turbojet and cruises at speeds of Mach 0.85 (1,040 km/h, 645 mph) throughout its 110 kilometre (68 mile) plus range. It is capable of being carried at supersonic speeds by its parent aircraft, with launch at speeds of up to Mach 0.9 and a wide range of altitudes. Ejector launch, typically from a Type 119 Mk 5 ERU, with a pylon adapter where needed, is used. Once launched the Sea Eagle is completely autonomous, with the flight and target seeking completely controlled by the on-board computer system which functions according to programmable options covering a large set of cruise, search and attack options, including a simple, pre-programmed 'point and shoot' mode that allows it to be carried by basic aircraft without radar, using targeting information radioed to the pilot from external sources or even visually located by him, with the missile's short minimum range assisting this. Other modes integrate with more sophisticated weapon systems and sensors and allow Sea Eagle to be programmed during flight by the parent aircraft using targeting data from the aircraft's on board radar sensors or via off-board data-link networks. 'Dog leg' routes can be programmed into the missile's computer to allow a salvo of missiles to arrive from different directions, saturating the target's defences. A twin-gyro attitude reference system, digital flight control computer and autopilot are used to give the missile an over-the-horizon capability. A C-band radar altimeter allows the missile to fly at very low level, minimising the range at which a ship can detect it. The J-band active radar target seeker can detect targets up to 30 km away, allowing a mid-course update of target position through a 'pop up' manoeuvre if required.

The main wings are essentially of delta form, arranged in a cruciform configuration. Smaller tails surfaces of similar shape and configuration provide steering. The engine intake is under the fuselage - whilst carried by an aircraft this is covered by an aerodynamic fairing which is blown clear at launch. The missile is fitted with a powerful semi armour piercing warhead, with a high ratio of charge to total weight, encased in a tough metal alloy casing. Residual turbojet fuel adds to the warhead's destructive effects on impact with the target.

Sea Eagle is stored as a 'round of ammunition', with inspection every two years or so, and a life of at least 15 years. When stored the wings and tail surfaces are removed, but the weapon can be kept fully fuelled.

BAe Sea Eagle Variants

A variant of the missile, called Sea Eagle SL (also P5T), designed to be launched from boxes mounted on ships was tested. It used the same rocket boosters as applied to the helicopter launched version, but lost out to the American Harpoon missile in a 1984 competition to arm the Royal Navy's Type 22 Batch 3 and Type 23 frigates. This version was also intended to have been used in shore-based batteries. The only external difference from the air launched version was the use of launcher shoes for rail mounting in the launch box, as opposed to the air launched version's ejector lugs.

An unbuilt air launched, land attack version of Sea Eagle, using a similar nose radar and semi-armour piercing warhead, was known as P4T.

A later proposed land attack variant which would have had an imaging infrared or millimetre wave radar seeker-head and a data link to allow the launch platform to update the missile in flight was studied around 1990; this version was dubbed "Golden Eagle" and would have had a penetrator warhead to allow attacks on land-based hardened targets.

A proposed update of Sea Eagle in the mid-1990s with a dual-band seeker and improved systems was abandoned on cost grounds.

BAe Sea Eagle Specifications

• Wingspan : 1.2 meters (3 feet 11 inches)
• Length : 4.14 meters (13 feet 7 inches)
• Body Diameter : 0.4 meters (1 foot 4 inches)
• Weight : 580 kilograms (1,279 pounds)
• Warhead : 230 kilograms (510 pounds)s of PBX (semi armour-piercing)
• Speed : Mach 0.85 (645 mph)
• Range : 110 kilometers (68 miles / 60 nautical miles) plus
• Flight time : 400 seconds (6 min 40 seconds)

Sea Eagle
Type	Anti-ship missile
Place of origin	UK
Service history
In service	1985 -
Used by	UK, India, Saudi Arabia,
Production history
Manufacturer	BAe Air Weapons Division, Hatfield
Produced	1982 -
Variants	Sea Eagle SL (surface launched) tested, others proposed.
Specifications
Weight	580 kg
Length	4.14 m
Warhead	230 kg
Engine	Turbojet
Wingspan	1.2 m
Operational range	110 km +
Speed	Mach 0.85 +
Guidance system	Inertial, with active radar homing
Steering system	Control surface
Launch platform	Fixed and rotary wing aircraft

Robotsystem 15 - RBS-15 Sweden Cruise Missile

The RBS-15 (Robotsystem 15) is a long-range fire-and-forget surface-to-surface and air-to-surface, anti-ship missile. The later version Mk. III has the ability to attack land targets as well. The missile was developed by the Swedish company Saab Bofors Dynamics.

Development of the RBS-15 began in the late 1970s under the name KSA. The first weapon contract was signed in 1979, at the last minute the Swedish government had opted not to buy the Harpoon anti ship missile and instead develop an indigenous design. The development took six years, and the ship version RBS-15 Mk. I was introduced.

The missile had been ordered in 1984 by the Swedish Navy to develop a coastal defense version of the RBS-15F. The missile was taken into Swedish Navy service as the Rb 15 by the Swedish Navy and became operational in 1985. The Swedish Air Force received their missiles a couple of years later. The Mk. I was produced from 1985 to 1990.

Work on a further developed version, the RBS-15 Mk. II, was initiated in the early 1980s. But it took until 1994, before a development contract was signed for the upgraded anti-ship missile. The Mk. II has the same range (70+ km), but the mid-course and terminal guidance system, as well as the radar and IR signature were upgraded. The Mk. II has been produced since 1998.

The development of the RBS-15 Mk. III began in the mid-1990s. Emphasis was put on increased range (due to larger fuel capacity and new fuel the range has been increased to some 200 km), improved accuracy (integrated GPS) and selectable priority targeting, which improved the weapon system's flexibility. The Mk. III missile will also be produced by Diehl BGT Defence of Germany for the new class of German stealth corvettes, and is likely to be later used on other German Navy vessels as well. Finnish truck maker Sisu produces missile launch trucks for RBS-15. The Mk. III has been in production since 2004.

RBS-15 Development phase

The RBS-15 missile was developed from the RB 04 missile that was used by the Swedish air force. The front of the missile was retained, including the warhead, but the rear received new wings and a turbofan engine replaced the rocket previously used. The RBS-15 underwent trials on the missile FAC HMS Piteå from 1983 and became operational with the Swedish navy in 1985. The Västergötland class submarines were projected to have 4 vertical missile launch tubes for RBS-15 missiles in an extended hull but this was canceled due to budget constraints and it didn't fit the way Swedish submarines operated.

Robotsystem 15 Versions

RBS-15 Mk. I

Powered by a French Microturbo TRI-60 engine, with a thrust of 3.73 kN (380 khp/830 lbf). Range 70+ km

RBS-15F

An Mk. I adapted for air launch. Entered service in 1989.

RBS-15 Mk. II

Range 70+ km. Designed to be launched from a number of different platforms, such as land-based launchers, aircraft, and ships.

RBS-15SF

Mk. II version for Finland. Local designation MTO 85 (Meritorjuntaohjus 1985)

RBS-15 Mk. III

Range 200 km, with land attack capability. There is only a ship launched version. Production started in 2004. New Oval launch tubes instead of the old box type.

RBS-15SF-3

Both new Mk. IIIs and upgraded Mk. IIs, which have been upgraded to Mk. III standard. Finnish designation MTO 85M

RBS-15 Mk. IV

Currently being developed. Incorporates dual seekers, has a longer range and new missile link system. The radar signature has been reduced and its warhead can be changed depending on the mission. Future upgrades may include concept optimization for sea or land targets. The range of the Mk. IV would have to be significantly larger than others versions, over 1 000 km.

RBS-15
Type	Fire and forget anti-ship and land attack
Place of origin	Sweden
Service history
In service	1985- present
Used by	See operators
Production history
Manufacturer	Saab Bofors Dynamics, Diehl BGT Defence
Specifications
Weight	800 kg
Length	4.33 m
Diameter	50 cm
Warhead	200 kg HE blast and pre-fragmented
Detonation mechanism	impact or proximity
Engine	turbojet
Wingspan	1.4 m
Operational range	250 km
Flight altitude	sea skimming
Speed	subsonic
Guidance system	inertial, GPS, active radar (J band)
Launch platform	naval ships, aircraft and land-based missile launchers

Naval Strike Missile NSM Norway

The Naval Strike Missile (NSM) is an anti-ship and land-attack missile developed by the Norwegian company Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace (KDA), and whose initial serial production contract was signed in June 2007. It has been chosen by the Royal Norwegian Navy for its new Fridtjof Nansen class frigates and Skjold class patrol boats. It was reported in December 2008 that NSM has been selected to be ordered by the Polish Navy.

The original Norwegian name was Nytt sjømålsmissil (literally New sea target missile); the English marketing name Naval Strike Missile was adopted later.

Naval Strike Missile Design and features

The state-of-the-art design and use of composite materials is meant to give the missile sophisticated stealth capabilities. The missile will weigh slightly more than 400 kg (880 lb) and have a range of at least 185 km (100 nm). Naval Strike Missile (NSM) is designed for littoral waters ("brown water") as well as for open sea ("green and blue water") scenarios.

Like its Penguin predecessor, Naval Strike Missile (NSM) is able to fly over and around landmasses, travel in sea skim mode, and then make random manoeuvres in the terminal phase, making it harder to stop by enemy countermeasures. While the Penguin is a yaw-to-turn missile, NSM is based on bank-to-turn flight (see Yaw (flight) and flight control).

The target selection technology provides Naval Strike Missile (NSM) with a capacity for independent detection, recognition, and discrimination of targets at sea or on the coast. This is possible by the combination of an imaging infrared (IIR) seeker and an onboard target database. NSM is able to navigate by GPS, inertial and terrain reference systems.

After being launched into the air by a solid rocket booster which is jettisoned upon burning out, the missile is propelled to its target in high subsonic speed by a turbojet sustainer engine—leaving the 125 kg multi-purpose blast/fragmentation warhead to do its work, which in case of a ship target means impacting the ship at or near the water line.

Naval Strike Missile
Type	littoral/open sea anti-ship/land attack cruise missile
Place of origin	Norway
Service history
Used by	Norway, Poland
Production history
Manufacturer	Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace
Specifications
Weight	410 kg
Length	3.95 m
Warhead	125 kg HE fragmentation
Detonation mechanism	programmable fuze
Engine	solid fuel rocket booster, Microturbo TRI-40 turbojet
Operational range	185 km +
Flight altitude	sea skimming
Speed	high subsonic
Guidance system	inertial, GPS, terrain-reference navigation, imaging infrared homing, target database
Launch platform	naval ships, land-based vehicles

Joint Strike Missile

A multi-role version of the Naval Strike Missile (NSM) is in development. This missile is called Joint Strike Missile (JSM) and will feature an option for ground strike and a two-way communications line, so that the missile can communicate with the central control room or other missiles in the air. This missile will be integrated with the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II "Joint Strike Fighter". Studies have shown that the F-35 would be able to carry two of these in its internal bays, while additional missiles could be carried externally.

According to Kongsberg, this "multi-role NSM" is the only anti-ship missile that will fit inside the F-35's internal bays. Lockheed Martin and Kongsberg have signed a joint-marketing agreement for this air-launched version of the NSM, as well as an agreement committing both parties to integrating the JSM on the F-35 platform. The project is funded by Norway and Australia. Kongsberg signed a contract for the first phase of development of the JSM in April, 2009, which is scheduled for completion within 18 months.

Improved features for the Joint Strike Missile include:

• Ability to attack sea and land based targets
• Aerial launch platform (F-35)
• Improved range over NSM to 240km
• Long-term, production start in 2013

The JSM will have multicore computers running Integrity real-time operating system from Green Hills Software.

Nasr-1 Iranian Cruise Missile

Nasr-1 Is a domestically-manufactured highly accurate Iranian short range cruise missile capable of evading radar. It has the capability of destroying 3,000-tonne targets such as warships. Nasr-1 missile can be launched from both inland bases and offshore military vessels and being modified to be fired from helicopters and submarines. In December 2008, an Iranian naval forces successfully test-fired the surface-to-surface Nasr-1 during the final stage of "Unity 87" wargames in the Persian Gulf waters. Following the successful test fire, on 7 March 2010 Iran's defence minister announced a mass-production line of Nasr-1 missiles.

Exocet French Anti Ship Missile

The Exocet is a French-built anti-ship missile whose various versions can be launched from surface vessels, submarines, helicopters and fixed wing aircraft. Hundreds were fired in combat during the 1980s.

The Exocet is built by MBDA, a European missile company. Development began in 1967 by Nord as a ship-launched missile named MM 38. A few years later Aerospatiale and Nord merged. The basic missile body design was based on the Nord AS30 air to ground tactical missile. The air-launched Exocet was developed in 1974 and entered service with the French Navy five years later.

The relatively compact missile is designed for attacking small- to medium-size warships (e.g. frigates, corvettes, and destroyers), although multiple hits are effective against larger vessels, such as aircraft carriers. It is guided inertially in mid-flight and turns on active radar late in its flight to find and hit its target. As a counter measure against the air defence around the target, it maintains a very low altitude during ingress, staying 1-2 m above the sea surface. Due to the effect of the radar horizon, this means that the target may not detect an incoming attack until the missile is only 6000 m from impact. This leaves little time for reaction and stimulated the design of CIWS.

Its solid propellant engine gives the Exocet a maximum range of 70 kilometres (43 mi; 38 nmi). The solid-propellant engine was replaced on the Block 3 MM40 ship-launched version of the missile with a solid-propellant booster and a turbojet sustainer engine which extends the range to 180 kilometres (110 mi; 97 nmi). The submarine-launched version places the missile and a naval booster inside a launch capsule.

The Exocet has been manufactured in a number of versions, including:

• MM38 (surface-launched)
• AM38 (helicopter-launched - tested only)
• AM39 (air-launched)
• SM39 (submarine-launched)
• MM40 (surface-launched)

The chief competitors to the Exocet are the U.S.-made Harpoon, and the Chinese Yingji series.

MM40 Block 3

The newest MM40 version (MM40 block 3) has an improved range of 180 kilometres (110 mi; 97 nmi) through the use of a turbofan engine, and includes four air intakes to provide continuous airflow to the engine during high-G maneuvers.

The Block 3 missiles accept GPS guidance system waypoint commands, which allow them to attack naval targets from different angles and to strike land targets, giving them a marginal role as a cruise missile. The Block 3 Exocet is lighter than the previous MM40 Block 2 Exocets.

The 45 Block 3 Exocets were ordered by the French Navy in December 2008. These are not to be new productions but the conversion of older Block 2 missiles to the Block 3 standard. The first firing of the Block 3 from a warship took place on March 18, 2010, from the French Navy air defense frigate Chevalier Paul. Besides the French Navy, the Block 3 has been ordered by the navies of Greece, the UAE, Perú, Qatar, Oman and Morocco.

Exocet
Type	Medium-range anti-ship missile
Place of origin	France
Service history
In service	1979
Production history
Manufacturer	MBDA
Specifications
Weight	670 kilograms (1,500 lb)
Length	4.7 metres (15 ft 5 in)
Diameter	34.8 centimetres (1 ft 1.7 in)
Warhead	165 kilograms (360 lb)
Engine	solid propellant engine turbojet (MM40 Block 3 version)
Wingspan	1.1 metres (3 ft 7 in)
Operational range	70–180 kilometres (43–110 mi; 38–97 nmi)
Flight altitude	Sea-skimming
Speed	315 metres per second (1,030 ft/s)
Guidance system	Inertial and active radar
Launch platform	multi-platform: MM38 surface-launched AM39 air-launched SM39 submarine-launched MM40 surface-launched

Zvezda Kh-35U Russian Cruise Missile

The Zvezda Kh-35U is the jet-launched version of a Russian subsonic anti-ship missile. The same missile can also be launched from helicopters, surface ships and coastal defence batteries with the help of a rocket booster, in which case it is known as Uran ('uranium';SS-N-25 'Switchblade'; GRAU 3M24) or Bal ('whale';SSC-6 'Stooge';GRAU 3K60). It is also nicknamed Harpoonski for its similarity to the AGM-84 Boeing Harpoon. It is designed to attack vessels up to 5000 tonnes.

Zvezda Kh-35U started work on the Kh-35 in 1983 as a surface-to-surface missile to replace the SS-N-2 'Styx' for export markets.

The Zvezda Kh-35U missile is a subsonic vehicle featuring a normal aerodynamic configuration with cruciform wings and fins and a semisubmerged air duct intake. The propulsion unit is a turbofan engine. The missile is guided to its target at the final leg of the trajectory by commands fed from the active radar homing head and the radio altimeter.

Target designation data can be introduced into the missile from the carrier aircraft or external sources. A flight mission data is inserted into the missile control system after input of target coordinates. An inertial system controls the missile in flight, stabilizes it at an assigned altitude and brings it to a target location area. At a certain target range, the homing head is switched on to search for, lock on and track the target. After that, the inertial control system turns the missile toward the target and changes its flight altitude to the extremely low one. At this altitude, the missile continues the process of homing by the data fed from the homing head and the inertial control system until a hit is obtained.

Variants

• Kh-35U (AS-20 'Kayak', Article 78U) - launched from fast jets.
• Kh-35E Uran (SS-N-25 'Switchblade', 3M24) - launched from helicopters, coastal defence batteries, and ships such as the Neustrashimy frigates, Tartarstan/Gepard frigates and as upgrades to two Krivak frigate. It comes in a containerised launcher with four missiles.
• 3M24M Bal (SSC-6 'Stooge') - coastal defence version, very similar to Kh-35E
• IC-35 - target drone
• Kh-35UE - upgrade with smaller engine allowing increased fuel capacity, and increased range.
• Kh-37 (3M24E1) - proposed upgrade with 250 km range and land-attack capability, GPS mid-course guidance and an imaging infrared seeker akin to the Standoff Land Attack Missile (SLAM). Some sources attribute the name Uran or Bal to this variant.

Zvezda Kh-35 (NATO reporting name: AS-20 'Kayak') 3M24 Uran (SS-N-25 'Switchblade') 3K60 Bal (SSC-6 'Stooge')
Type	air-to-surface, surface-to-surface missile
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1983
Used by	Russia
Production history
Designer	Zvezda
Manufacturer	Tactical Missiles Corporation
Specifications
Weight	520 kg (1,150 lb) 610 kg (1,340 lb) (heli version)
Length	385 cm (152 in) 440 cm (173 in) (heli version)
Diameter	42.0 cm (16.5 in)
Warhead	HE shaped charge
Warhead weight	145 kg (320 lb)
Wingspan	133 cm (52.4 in)
Operational range	{130km)-(70nm)
Speed	Mach 0.8
Guidance system	inertial and active radar
Launch platform	MiG-21, MiG-29SMT, Su-30, Su-35, Ka-27, Ka-28

Delilah Israel Cruise Missile

The Delilah missile is a cruise missile developed in Israel by Israel Military Industries (IMI), built to target moving and re-locatable targets with a CEP of 1 metre (3 ft 3 in). The Delilah cruise missile is the name of several variants of an Israeli missile built by IMI (formerly TAAS). It was originally developed as an aerial decoy, but evolved into an offensive strike weapon in the 1990s used by Israel F-16's and upgraded F-4E attack aircraft.

Delilah cruise missile

Delilah is an air-launched stand-off and cruise missile, with a turbo jet engine that allows the ability to loiter in order to enable it to target well-hidden threats, as well as attack moving targets, making it ideal in destroying SAM threats. It has a range of 250 km, and can destroy targets both on sea and on land. An autopilot onboard as well as an INS/GPS navigation system allows the missile to perform its mission autonomously; a data link enables intervention and target validation. The missile can be fitted with a variety of warheads and can be fitted to most aircraft.

It can be fired from aircraft, helicopter, or ground launcher. Its compact dimensions allow it to be carried by the Sikorsky UH-60A and SH-60B helicopters. It carries a small but effective warhead to allow it to destroy the target but minimize collateral damage.

This missile was first used in combat by Israel over Lebanon on July and August 2006, launched by an F-16D fighter aircraft.

The Delilah-GL is a ground-launched variation of the Delilah cruise missile, that has a range of 250 km. It is equipped with a 30 kg conventional explosive warhead but is capable of carrying other payloads, such as infrared target seeking and guidance devices. It is guided by GPS and has the ability to loiter in the target area, before confirming the target through real-time visual intelligence.

Delilah missile
Type	Cruise missile
Place of origin	Israel
Service history
In service	1995-
Used by	Israel
Production history
Manufacturer	Israel Military Industries
Specifications
Weight	250 kilograms (550 lb)
Length	3.31 metres (10.9 ft)
Diameter	0.33 metres (1 ft 1 in)
Wingspan	1.15 metres (3 ft 9 in)
Operational range	250 kilometres (160 mi)
Flight altitude	28,000 feet (8,500 m)
Speed	Mach 0.3-0.7 (Dive: Mach 0.85)
Guidance system	CCD\IIR with GPS\INS
Accuracy	1 metre (3 ft 3 in) CEP
Launch platform	aircraft, helicopter, ground launcher, sea launcher

Taurus KEPD 350 Cruise Missile

TAURUS KEPD 350 is a German/Swedish air-launched cruise missile, manufactured by TAURUS Systems and used by Germany and Spain. TAURUS Systems GmbH is a partnership between LFK (EADS/MBDA) and Saab Bofors Dynamics.

The TAURUS KEPD 350 missile incorporates stealth characteristics and has an official range in excess of 500 kilometres (300 mi). Taurus is powered by a turbofan engine at mach 0.8~0.9 and can be carried by the Tornado, Eurofighter Typhoon, Gripen and F/A-18 aircraft.

The double 500-kilogram (1,100 lb) warhead called Mephisto (Multi-Effect Penetrator, HIgh Sophisticated and Target Optimised) features a precharge and initial penetrating charge to clear soil or enter a bunker, then a variable delay fuse to control detonation of the main warhead. The missile weighs about 1,400 kg (3,100 lb) and has a maximum body diameter of 1 metre (3.3 ft). Intended targets are hardened bunkers, command, control and communications; airfield facilities; port facilities; AMS/ammunition storage; ships in ports/at sea and bridges.

The TAURUS KEPD 350 missile also includes counter measures as a self-defence mechanism.

Mission planners program the missile with the target, air defence locations and planned ground path, then the missile uses a low terrain-hugging flight path guided by INS, IBN, TRN and GPS to the proximity of the target, although it is capable of navigating over long distances without GPS support. Once there the missile commences a bunt (climb) manoeuver to an altitude intended to achieve the best probability of target acquisition and penetration. During the cruise flight a high resolution infra-red camera can support the navigation by using IBN and is also used for GPS-free target attack. The missile attempts to match a camera image with the planned 3D target model. If it cannot, it defaults to the other, navigation systems, or, if there is a high risk of collateral damage, it will steer to a pre-designated crash point instead of risking an inaccurate attack with undesired consequences.

MBDA Deutschland has also proposed an anti-ship variant.

TAURUS KEPD 350
Type	Long-range air-to-surface missile
Service history
In service	2005
Production history
Manufacturer	TAURUS Systems GmbH
Unit cost	950,000 EUR
Specifications
Weight	1400 kg
Length	5100 mm
Diameter	1080 mm
Warhead	500 kg, Mephisto (Multi-Effect Penetrator, HIgh Sophisticated and Target Optimised)
Engine	Williams P8300-15 Turbofan
Wingspan	2064 mm
Operational range	over 500 km
Flight altitude	30–40 m
Speed	Mach 0.80~0.95
Guidance system	IBN (Image Based Navigation), INS (Inertial Navigation System), TRN (Terrain Referenced Navigation) and MIL-GPS (Global Positioning System)
Launch platform	Typhoon, Tornado, Gripen, F/A-18

Storm Shadow - SCALP EG Cruise Missile

Storm Shadow is British, French and Italian air-launched cruise missile, manufactured by MBDA. Storm Shadow is the British name for the weapon; in French service it is called SCALP EG (Emploi Général, meaning General Purpose). The missile is based on the earlier MBDA Apache anti-runway missile, and differs in that it carries a warhead, rather than submunitions.

The Storm Shadow stealthy missile has a range in excess of 250 kilometres (155 mi), is powered by a turbojet at Mach 0.8 and can be carried by the Panavia Tornado RAF Tornado GR4, Saab Gripen, Italian Tornado IDS, Eurofighter Typhoon, Dassault Mirage 2000 and Dassault Rafale aircraft. The F-35 Lightning II will also carry the missile once the aircraft enters service. The BROACH warhead features an initial penetrating charge to clear soil or enter a bunker, then a variable delay fuze to control detonation of the main warhead. The missile weighs about 1,300 kilograms (2,866 lb) has a maximum body diameter of 48 cm and a wingspan of 3 metres (9.8 ft). Intended targets are command, control and communications; airfields; ports and power stations; AMS/ammunition storage; ships/submarines in port; bridges and other high-value strategic targets.

It is a fire and forget missile, programmed before launch. Once launched, the missile cannot be controlled, its target information changed or be self-destroyed. Mission planners programme the missile with the target air defences and target. The missile follows a path semi-autonomously, on a low flight path guided by GPS and terrain matching to the area of the target.

Close to the target, the missile bunts, climbing to an altitude intended to achieve the best probability of target identification and penetration. During the bunt, the nose cone is jettisoned to allow a high resolution infrared camera to observe the target area (the bunt enlarges the field of vision). The missile then tries to locate its target based upon its targeting information. If it can not, and there is a high risk of collateral damage, it will fly to a crash point instead of risking inaccuracy.

Storm Shadow/SCALP EG
Type	Long-range, air-to-surface missile
Place of origin	France, Italy, United Kingdom
Service history
In service	2002- present
Used by	See Inventory
Production history
Manufacturer	MBDA
Unit cost	Italy have paid $270 million for 200. French senate indicates a cost of €800,000 per unit.
Specifications
Weight	1,230 kg
Length	5.1 m
Diameter	0.48 m
Warhead	450 kg BROACH (Bomb Royal Ordnance Augmented CHarge)
Engine	Turbomeca Microturbo TRI 60-30 turbojet, producing 5.4 kN thrust
Wingspan	2.84 m
Operational range	over 250 km
Flight altitude	30–40 m
Speed	1,000 km/h Mach 0.8
Guidance system	Inertial, GPS and TERPROM. Terminal guidance using imaging infrared
Launch platform	Panavia Tornado Eurofighter Typhoon Mirage 2000 Rafale

Ra'ad Pakistan Cruise Missile

The Ra'ad (English: Thunder) is an air-launched cruise missile (ALCM) developed by Pakistan and operational with the Pakistan Air Force (PAF). Though initially launched from a PAF Dassault Mirage III ROSE combat aircraft during testing, the missile is planned to be integrated with and launched from other PAF platforms such as the JF-17 combat aircraft. The Ra'ad's current range is stated to be 350 km.

Ra'ad is designed to attack fixed enemy installations (such as radar posts, command nodes and stationary surface to air missile launchers) at stand-off range, keeping the launching aircraft away from enemy air defence systems. The accuracy of the missile is reported to be comparable to Pakistan's Babur cruise missile, which has "pinpoint accuracy" according to official sources.

After a successful test-launch in 2005 of the Babur (also known as Hatf VII), Pakistan's first cruise missile, it was stated by officials that the Babur would be modified to be launched from airborne platforms. But the Ra'ad, developed by Pakistan's Air Weapons Complex and NESCOM, appears to be an entirely new missile, as is evident by the new name and a new official designation of Hatf VIII.

The Ra'ad's airframe is designed with stealth capability, provided by the shape of the airframe and the materials used in its construction, to give the missile a low detection probability and allow it to penetrate enemy air defence systems. Designed to carry conventional or nuclear warheads, the missile would most likely be used for precision air strikes on enemy command centres, radars, surface to air missile launchers, ballistic missile launchers and stationary warships.

Ra'ad (Hatf VIII)
Type	Air Launched Cruise Missile (ALCM)
Place of origin	Pakistan
Service history
In service	December 2007 – Present
Used by	Pakistan Air Force
Production history
Manufacturer	Air Weapons Complex (AWC)
Unit cost	Unknown
Specifications
Weight	1,100 kg
Length	4.85 m
Warhead	Conventional HE or nuclear
Engine	Turbofan
Operational range	350 km
Speed	Subsonic
Guidance system	INS, TERCOM, DSMAC, GPS, COMPASS
Launch platform	Combat aircraft

Babur - Hatf VII, Pakistan Cruise Missile

Babur also designated Hatf VII, is the first land attack cruise missile to be developed by Pakistan.

Launched from ground-based transporter erector launchers, warships and submarines, the Babur can be armed with a conventional or nuclear warhead and has a reported range of 750 km (466 miles). The missile is designed to avoid radar detection and penetrate enemy air defences. production of the Babur started in October 2005.

Design

The Babur's airframe is made up of a tubular fuselage, with a pair of folded wings attached to the middle section and the empennage at the rear along with the propulsion system. Propelled by a jet engine (either turbofan or turbojet), the Babur has a maximum speed of approximately 550 mph. On launch, a booster rocket provides additional thrust to accelerate the missile away from the launch vehicle. After the launch the wings unfold, the booster rocket is jettisoned and the jet engine started.

The Babur's guidance system uses a combination of inertial navigation systems, terrain contour matching (TERCOM) and GPS satellite guidance. The guidance system reportedly gives the missile pinpoint accuracy.

The missile is stated to have a high degree of maneuverability, allowing it to "hug" the terrain, and "near-stealth" capabilities. Terrain hugging ability helps the missile avoid enemy radar detection by utilizing "terrain masking", giving Babur the capability to penetrate enemy air defence systems undetected and survive until reaching the target. The missile's design features can be compared with the American BGM-109 Tomahawk cruise missile.

More advanced versions of the Babur are under development. Later versions are planned to have a range of 1000 km and be capable of being launched from submarines such as the Pakistan Navy's Agosta 90B class submarine and possible future Type 214 submarine.

3M-54 Klub Russian Cruise Missile

The Russian 3M-54 Klub is a multi-role cruise missile system developed by the Novator Design Bureau(OKB-8). Its NATO reporting name is SS-N-27. Both submarine and surface ship launched versions exist. The system is designed to accept various warheads, allowing its use against surface and subsurface naval combatants along with static land targets. In one variant, the 3M-54E (Sizzler), the final stage makes a supersonic 'sprint' to its target, reducing the time the target's defense systems have to react. The 3M-54E1 subsonic missile is roughly comparable to both the American Tomahawk cruise missile and the ASROC missile but is smaller and has a shorter range.

3M-54 Klub
Type	Anti-ship missile Anti-submarine missile Land attack cruise missile
Place of origin	Russia
Service history
Used by	See users
Production history
Manufacturer	Novator Design Bureau
Specifications
Weight	Varies on variant, from 1,300 kg-1780 kg- 2300 kg
Length	Varies on variant, from 8.22 m to 6.2 m
Diameter	0.533 m
Warhead	Varies
Engine	Multi-stage Solid-Fuel rocket, Turbojet engine for 3M-54E/E1, -14E, Solid fuel rocket for 91RE1/2
Operational range	Varies on variant, maximum range is 300 km
Flight altitude	10-15 m
Speed	0.8-2.5-2.9 mach
Guidance system	Inertial + Active Radar Homing
Launch platform	naval ships, submarines

3M-54 Klub Design

The missile is a modular system, as there exist 5 different warhead and guidance systems: two anti-shipping warheads, one land attack warhead, and two anti-submarine warheads. The missile is designed to share common components between the surface and sub-launched variants with the only difference being the design of the missile launchers and the containers. An air-launched version is believed to be in development.

'Sizzler' flight

The Sizzler variant (3M-54E) flies at subsonic speeds while going supersonic as it nears its target. It is also believed to be able to perform very high angled defensive maneuvers in contrast to the common linear flight path of other anti-ship cruise missiles.

3M-54 Klub Variants

There are two major launching vehicles: the Klub-S, designed for launch from submarines, and the Klub-N, designed for launch from surface ships. These two launchers can be equipped by the following warhead and guidance combinations:

3M-54E - Anti-shipping variant, Basic length 8.22 m, with a 200 kg warhead. Range is 220 km. Sea-skimmer with supersonic terminal speed and flight altitude of 15 feet (4.6 m) at final stage(2.9 mach).

3M-54E1 - Anti-shipping variant, Basic length 6.2 m, with a 400 kg warhead. Range is 300 km. Sea-skimmer with subsonic terminal speed(0.8 mach). Allegedly capable of disabling or even sinking an aircraft carrier.

3M-14E - Inertial guidance land attack variant. Basic length 6.2 m, with a 400 kg warhead. Range is 275 km. Subsonic terminal speed(0.8 mach).

91RE1 - Submarine launched anti-submarine variant, with an anti-submarine torpedo. Basic length 8.0 m, with a range of 50 km. Supersonic speed. The torpedo has a warhead weight of 76 kg. For submarine use only. This, along with the 91RE2, are similar to the American ASROC/SUBROC missile/torpedo system. Follows a ballistic path into the surface, speed is 2.5 mach.

91RE2 - Ballistically launched anti-submarine variant, with an anti-submarine torpedo. Basic length 6.5 m, with a range of 40 km Supersonic speed. The torpedo has a warhead weight of 76 kg. For surface ship use only. The lightest of all variants, with a launch weight of 1300 kg. Speed is 2 mach.

3M-54 Klub Launch Platforms

The Russian Kilo class submarine is the primary launch platform for the missile, with the future Russian Lada class submarine and its variants also able to launch the missile. The Indian Talwar class frigate the current shipborne launch platform for this missile. The Akula class submarine can also launch this missile. The new Russian Admiral Sergei Gorshkov class frigates and the second flight of Steregushchy class corvettes use the same UKSK VLS as Talwar class frigates, and thus would be able to carry these missiles as well.

It is also believed by some analysts that an air launched variant will be developed to arm the Tu-142s currently in service with both the Russian and Indian Navy, and it is also anticipated that the Tu-22M3 operated by the Indian Navy will also be equipped with the missile. A truck mounted version is also planned for development by the Novator Design Bureau.

A Klub-K variant, which launches from commercial-appearing shipping container mounted on a truck, train, or merchant vessel, was advertised in 2010.

Yakhont - P-800 Oniks Russian Cruise Missile

The Yakhont P-800 Oniks is a Russian supersonic anti-ship cruise missile developed by NPO Mashinostroyeniya as a ramjet version of P-80 Zubr. Its GRAU designation is 3M55. Development reportedly started in 1983, and by 2001 allowed the launch of the missile from land, sea, air and submarine. The missile has the NATO reporting codename SS-N-26. It is reportedly a replacement for the P-270 Moskit, but possibly also for the P-700 Granit. The P-800 was reportedly used as the basis for the joint Russian-Indian supersonic missile the PJ-10 BrahMos.

Sergei Prikhodko, senior adviser to the Russia President, has said that Russia intends to deliver P-800 to Syria. However Syria lacks any aircraft that can launch this missile and any ability to track targets over the horizon for it, so will be limited to line of sight attacks from ships and ground platforms. Israel is more concerned that these missiles may be transferred to Hezbollah for a repeat of the INS Hanit incident.

Yakhont/Onyx missile
Type	anti-ship missile cruise missile
Service history
In service	since 1999
Production history
Manufacturer	NPO Mashinostroyeniya
Specifications
Weight	3,000 kg
Length	8.9 m
Diameter	0.7 m
Warhead	300 kg
Engine	ramjet using kerosene liquid fuel
Wingspan	1.7 m
Operational range	120 to 300 km depending on altitude
Flight altitude	5 meters or higher
Speed	Mach 2.5
Guidance system	active-passive, radar seeker head
Launch platform	naval ships, fixed-wing aircraft, coastal installations

ArcLight Hypersonic Cruise Missile

The ArcLight program is a Hypersonic Cruise Missile development program of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency with the goal of equipping ships like Aegis cruisers with a weapon system that is capable of striking targets nearly anywhere on the globe, thereby increasing the power of surface ships to a level comparable to that of ballistic missile-equipped submarines.

According to DARPA, the ArcLight program will develop a high-tech missile based on the booster stack of the current RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 and equipped with a hypersonic glider capable of carrying a 100-200 lb warhead. The configuration will allow ships carrying the ArcLight missile to strike targets 2,300 miles away from the launch point. The missile would replace the aging BGM-109 Tomahawk and could be fired out of the standard vertical launchers available on many surface ships.^[1] Additionally, the ArcLight missile will be capable of launch from air and submarine assets capable of carrying the BGM-109.

Dr. Arthur Mabbett is the program manager of the DARPA project, which will develop and test two different missile designs.

BrahMos II Hypersonic Cruise Missile

BrahMos II is a hypersonic cruise missile that has been lab tested with a speed of Mach 5.26 that will make it the fastest cruise missile in the world beating Brahmos 1. BrahMos II land variant design has been completed and 4 Land to Land test variants are ready to be tested. The rest variants testing will be completed in the successive years of 2012-13 and design must by completed within October 2011 and will arm the Project 15B destroyers of the Indian Navy.In russian navy project 21956 perspective destroyers are most likely to aquire BrahMos II.

BrahMos is a supersonic cruise missile that can be launched from submarines, ships, aircraft or land. It is a joint venture between Republic of India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO-Bangalore) and Russian Federation's NPO Mashinostroeyenia who have together formed BrahMos Aerospace Private Limited. It is the world's fastest cruise missile in operation.

The name BrahMos is a portmanteau formed from the names of two rivers, the Brahmaputra of India and the Moskva of Russia. The missile travels at speeds of Mach 2.8 to 3.0. It is about three-and-a-half times faster than the USA's subsonic Harpoon cruise missile. An Air launched variant is also planned which is expected to come out in 2012 and will make India the only country with supersonic missiles in all the defence forces. A hypersonic version of the missile is also presently under development (Lab Tested with 5.26 Mach Speed).

Though India had wanted the BrahMos to be based on a mid range cruise missile, namely P-700 Granit, instead Russia opted for the shorter range sister of the missile, P-800 Oniks, in order to comply with MTCR restrictions, to which Russia is a signatory. Its propulsion is based on the Russian missile, and guidance has been developed by BrahMos Corp. The missile is expected to reach a total order worth of US$13 billion.

BrahMos
Type	Cruise missile
Place of origin	India/Russia
Service history
In service	November 2006
Used by	Indian Army Indian Navy Indian Airforce (awaiting)
Production history
Manufacturer	Joint venture, Federal State Unitary Enterprise NPO Mashinostroeyenia (Russia) and Defense Research and Development Organization (BrahMos Corp, India)
Unit cost	US$ 2.73 million
Specifications
Weight	3000 kg 2500 kg (air-launched)
Length	8.4 m
Diameter	0.6 m
Warhead	300 kg Conventional semi-armour-piercing
Engine	Two-stage integrated Rocket/Ramjet
Operational range	290 km
Speed	Mach 2.8-3.0, BrahMos II: Mach 5.26
Launch platform	Ship, submarine, aircraft and land-based mobile launchers.

Nirbhay - India subsonic cruise missile

Nirbhay is a long range, subsonic cruise missile being developed in India. The missile will have a range of 1,000 km and will arm three services, the Indian Army, Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force. The Nirbhay will be able to be launched from multiple platforms on land, sea and air. The missile is being developed by the Advanced Systems Laboratory, a division of DRDO and after finalizing the design, the technology required for the missile is being developed. The first test flight of the missile is expected in the year 2012. Nirbhay will be a terrain hugging, stealthy missile capable of delivering 24 different types of warheads depending on mission requirements and will use an inertial navigation system for guidance. Nirbhay will supplement Brahmos in the sense that it would enable delivery of warheads farther than the 300 km range of Brahmos.

Nirbhay Subsonic Cruise Missile
Type	Long-range, all-weather, subsonic cruise missile
Place of origin	India
Production history
Manufacturer	DRDO
Produced	Expected in 2012
Specifications
Weight	1,000 kg
Length	6 m
Diameter	0.52 m
Operational range	1,000 km
Speed	0.7 mach
Guidance system	INS

Hyunmoo-3, South Korea Cruise Missile

Hyunmoo-3 is a new cruise missile that is to be fielded with the military of Republic of Korea. It is designed by Agency for Defense Development (ADD). The name Hyunmoo comes from a mythical beast described as the "Guardian of the Northern Sky".

Hyunmoo-3 bears no resemblance to the previous Hyunmoo SSM, which were improved versions of Nike Hercules surface-to-air missiles that were converted into short-range high-speed surface-to-surface ballistic missiles in response to North Korea's Scud-B and Nodong-1 missile threats. Instead, the new missile's designs are strikingly similar to the United States Tomahawk cruise missile and also the Babur cruise missile of the Pakistan military.

Hyunmoo-3A, which was nicknamed "Eagle-1" during the testing, has a range of 500 km, while Hyunmoo-3B, nicknamed "Eagle-2", has a range of 1,000 km. Hyunmoo-3C, or "Eagle-3", will be capable of striking its target up to 1,500 km away. This is a significant improvement from Hyunmoo I which had a range of 180 km and Hyunmoo-2, which only has a range of 300 km, both of which were ballistic and not cruise missiles.

It is powered by a turbofan engine, much like other subsonic cruise missiles of its type, and has a payload of up to 500 kilograms. The guidance systems consist of Inertial Guidance System and Global Positioning System.

The maximum payload of the missile is rated at 500 kilograms of conventional explosive.

King Sejong the Great class destroyers and KSS-III class submarines will be equipped with these missiles inside their Vertical Launching System (K-VLS).

South Korea is barred from producing a non-indigenous ballistic missile that is above a certain payload and range limit in accordance to Missile Technology Control Regime. Therefore, a heavy emphasis was put on for developing long-range cruise missiles by the South Korean government, as there is no restriction of payload amount and range limit set for them. With the introduction of Hyunmoo-III, which also has some advanced systems sometimes found on ICBMs, the Republic of Korea Army created the Missile Command in order to efficiently manage these missiles.

Cháng Jiàn 10 - CJ 10, Chinese Cruise Missile

The CJ-10 is a land attack cruise missile (LACM) currently in service with the Second Artillery Corps of the People's Republic of China. It is the first of the Changjian (literally "long sword") series of cruise missiles. The CJ-10 made its first public appearance during the October 1 military parade in 2009.

Besides the land attack variant, a possible shore to ship variant has also been rumored to be in Chinese service. Many Taiwan and Hong Kong media sources believe that the weapon has been developed to counter the US Navy's Carrier battle groups, with the aim of a land based carrier destruction capability.

The CJ-10A is an air-launched variant with a range of 2,000—2,200 km, intended to arm the Xian H-6K strategic nuclear bomber which can carry six of the missiles under its wings.

The YJ-62/CJ-10 missile family is based on China's earlier land-based Hongniao cruise missile family. The new design also incorporates elements of the Soviet Kh-55 cruise missiles. Moscow Defense Brief speculates that Ukraine may have had some role in the CJ-10 project. China may also have acquired several American Tomahawk missiles from Pakistan and Afghanistan, after the missiles were fired in a failed attack on the Taliban in 1999. The knowledge from these missiles may have been used in the CJ-10/YJ-62 project.

CJ-10
Type	Land attack cruise missile
Place of origin	People's Republic of China
Service history
Used by	Second Artillery Corps (China)
Production history
Manufacturer	Academy of Rocket Motors Technology (ARMT)
Specifications
Engine	Solid fueled
Operational range	2,200km
Speed	Mach 2.5+
Guidance system	Inertial + possibly GPS
Launch platform	8 axle TEL (CJ-10) Xian H-6K (CJ-10A)