Raad-1 or Thunder-1 is an Iranian self-propelled howitzer. It is armed with 122 mm 2A18 howitzer from 2S1 Gvozdika self-propelled howitzer or a modification of one with an effective firing range of 15,200 meters. It also has a turret from 2S1 Gvozdika self-propelled howitzer. It uses the Iranian-made Boragh APC chassis, a conversion of either the Russian BMP-1 or Chinese Type 86 (WZ-501) IFV.
Raad-2 ("Thunder-2") is an Iranian self-propelled howitzer.
Raad-2 uses a turret that has a similar layout to the M109A1 155mm/39-cal self-propelled howitzer. The Iranian Defense Industries Organization claimed that the 155 mm HM44 howitzer manufactured by the Hadid facility of the Iranian Defense Industries Organization had a high firing rate and accuracy. It was described as being able to fire five rounds per minute. The gun's range was reported as 30 km (19 miles), and it also includes features such as a laser range-finder and a semi-automatic loading system. The gun looks exactly like 155mm/39-cal M185 gun from M109A1 and is fitted with a double baffle muzzle brake, fume extractor, screw breech mechanism, hydro-pneumatic recuperator and a hydraulic recoil brake. It uses the Iranian-made Boragh APC chassis, a conversion of the either the Russian BMP-1 or Chinese Type 86 (WZ-501) IFV. It was described as being able to move with a speed of 70 km/h (43 mph) on the battlefield.
Variants
Raad-2 - basic SPG version.
Raad-2M - Raad-2 upgraded with a Ukrainian-made 5TDF engine instead of a V-8 Diesel engine.
Raad-2/Thunder 2
Type
Self-propelled howitzer
Place of origin
Iran
Service history
In service
1997 - present
Used by
Iran
Wars
none
Production history
Designer
Iranian Defense Industries Organization
Designed
September 1997
Produced
1997 - Present
Variants
Raad-2M
Specifications
Length
6.72 m (without the gun)
Width
3.10 m
Height
1.66 m (without the turret)
Crew
3 (commander, driver and gunner)
Rate of fire
5 rounds/min
Effective range
30 km
Main armament
155 mm HM44 howitzer
Secondary armament
12.7 mm HMG
Engine
V-8 diesel for Raad-2 5TDF for Raad-2M 330 hp (246 kW) for Raad-2
The Singapore Self-Propelled Howitzer 1 (SSPH 1) Primus is a self-propelled howitzer armed with a 155 mm howitzer. Developed jointly by the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF), Defence Science and Technology Agency (DSTA) and Singapore Technologies Kinetics (ST Kinetics), it was introduced to the Singapore Artillery in 2004. Primus is derived from the motto of the Singapore Artillery In Oriente Primus (Latin: "First in the East").
SSPH Primus Design
The chassis is based on the proven United Defense M109 155 mm self propelled howitzer. This has been upgraded in a number of key areas and has a new power pack similar to that fitted to ST Kinetics Bionix infantry fighting vehicle (IFV), which is already in SAF service. The use of common subsystems for the Primus and Bionix IFV offers several advantages, including easier training and reduced logistics.
The Primus power pack consists of a Detroit Diesel Corporation6V 92TIA diesel engine developing 550 hp coupled to a General Dynamics Land Systems HMPT-500-3EC fully automatic transmission.
The maximum road speed of the Primus is 50 km/h, with an operating range of 350 km, its combat weight is of 28.3 tons allows it to use the SAF 's current military bridging systems. The Primus could be deployed by the future Airbus A400M Transport aircraft.
The turret is fitted with a locally developed 155 mm/39-cal barrel with a muzzle brake and fume extractor. This meets the NATO Joint Ballistics Memorandum of Understanding. The range of the Primus' gun would depend on the type of projectile and charge combination used, but is probably about 19 km with the old M107high explosive (HE) projectile and 30 km (19 mi) with an extended range full bore base bleed projectile. In addition to smoke, HE and illumination projectiles, the locally developed 155 mm cargo round can also be fired.
A semi-automatic loading system is provided to increase the rate of fire and reduce crew fatigue. The fused projectiles are loaded and rammed automatically; the modular charges are loaded manually. The Primus has a burst rate of fire of three rounds in 20 seconds and a maximum rate of fire of 6 rounds per min. The bustle mounted magazine holds up to 22 rounds of 155 mm projectile.
The digital fire control system automates the complete projectile loading process and gun laying operation. An ammunition inventory management system keeps track of all on board ammunition as well as ammunition expenditure during firing. The weapon is laid to the target using an automatic fire control system, which includes an on board positioning and navigation system. This can receive target information from the battery or regimental command post. It takes less than 60 seconds to come into action and open fire and 40 seconds to re-deploy.
SSPH Primus Specifications
SSPH Primus
Type
Self-propelled artillery
Place of origin
Singapore
Service history
In service
2002 - Present
Used by
Singapore Armed Forces
Production history
Designer
ST Kinetics
Designed
1996
Manufacturer
ST Kinetics
Produced
2000
Specifications
Weight
Combat weight: 28.3 tonnes (31.2 short tons; 27.9 long tons)
Length
Chassis: 6.6 metres (21 ft 8 in) Overall: 10.21 m (33 ft 6 in)
Width
Chassis: 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in) Overall: 3.0 m (9 ft 10 in)
Height
3.28 m (10 ft 9 in)
Crew
4 (Commander, Driver, Ammo Loader, Charge Loader)
Shell
155 mm NATO
Caliber
155 mm 39 calibre
Breech
Full automatic Interrupted screw with electronic rammer and semi-auto loader
The AS-90 (Artillery System for the 1990s) is a lightly-armoured self-propelled artillery piece used by the British Army. It was first delivered in 1993. The AS-90 is used by five regiments of the Royal Horse Artillery and Royal Artillery: 1 RHA, 3 RHA, 4 Regt RA, 19 Regt RA and 26 Regt RA, replacing the 105 mm FV433 Abbot SPG, the M109 155 mm SPG or the FH-70 155 mm towed gun.
AS-90 was designed and built by the Armaments division of Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering (VSEL, owned by BAE Systems since 1999), who provided 179 vehicles from 1992-95 at a cost of £300 million.
In 2002 BAE systems were contracted to upgrade 96 British Army AS90s to a 52 calibre gun to push the unassisted range to 30 km and with long-range ERA ammunition to 60 to 80km. However, due to the inability of the selected bi-modular charge system from Somchem of South Africa to meet the requirement for insensitive munitions this project was terminated.
The G6 self-propelled howitzer is a South African artillery piece, developed around the ordnance of the G5 howitzer. It is one of the most powerful self-propelled guns on a wheeled chassis. In addition to the logistical mobility afforded by a wheeled chassis, the G6 is protected against counter battery fire and is able to defend itself in an unsecured area. The chassis is mine-protected. The G6 is produced by the LIW division of DENEL Corporation in South Africa. It entered production in 1987.
The ARCHER Artillery System is an international project aimed at developing a next-generation self-propelled artillery system for Swedish Army and Norway Army. The heart of the system is a fully automated 155 mm/L52 gun howitzer and a mounted on a 6x6 Volvo dumper chassis . Aside from this, the system consists of an ammunition resupply vehicle, a support vehicle, LEMUR Remote controlled weapon stationBONUS Sensor-fuzed Artillery Shell and the Excalibur guided projectile.
General characteristics
Length: 14.1 metres
Width: 3.0 metres
Height: 3.3 - 3.9 metres
Weight: 30 tonnes
Speed: 70 km/h
Range: ~500 km
Crew: 4 (1 driver, 3 operators) or 2 (1 driver and 1 operator) in case of emergencies
Armament: 155 mm/L52 gun howitzer
Rate of fire: 8-9 rounds/min with MRSI (Multiple Round Simultaneous Impact) capability, which means that several shells are released in succession but hit the target simultaneously.
Range (of artillery fire): 30 km with standard shells, 40 km with base-bleed, 60 km with Excalibur
Emergency driving: all wheels - emergency driving equipment (Hutchinson AMVFI) makes it possible to drive with all wheels punctured; it also provides greater protection if the vehicle hits a blast-pressure mine - the same system is used on the all-terrain vehicle Sisu.
The K9 Thunder is an indigenous South Korean military self-propelled 155 mm howitzer developed by Samsung Techwin. K9 is an indigenous system of an all-welded steel armour construction which is rated to withstand impact by 14.5 mm armour piercing shells and 152 mm shell fragments. The main armament consists of a 155 mm/52 caliber ordnance with a maximum firing range of 40 km. State-of-the-art mobility subsystems include a 1,000 horsepower (750 kW) engine with potential for growth and hydropneumatic suspension unit, a requirement for Korea's rugged mountainous terrain.
K9 Thunder was designed to give the artillery wing of the Republic of Korea Army a significant improvement in capability. With a claimed range of 40 km, it offers greater mobility, longer range, higher rate of fire, and increased battlefield survivability as it can quickly be brought into action, open fire and come out of action. Consequently, it is less likely to be engaged by counterbattery fire, relying on shoot-and-scoot.
The AMX 30 AuF1 France Military self-propelled artillery vehicle using the AMX 30 tank hull. AMX 30 AuF1 is now in service in the French Army, which operates 134 units. Though heavier than the AMX-30, the AuF1 retains similar mobility. The vehicle has rate of fire of 6 rounds in 45 seconds, and can deploy swiftly. AuF1s were used during the Siege of Sarajevo by the French artillery detachment of IFOR, where they helped silence the artillery positions of the Bosnian-Serb VRS forces.
The 2S19 "Msta-S" is a conventional self-propelled 152 mm howitzer designed by Russia/Soviet Union and entering service in 1989 as the succesor for the 2S3 "Akatsiya". It is based on the T-80 tank hull, but powered by the T-72's diesel engine.
Specifications
Weight
42 tons (92,593 lbs)
Length
7.15 m (23.45 ft)
Width
3.38 m (11 ft)
Height
2.99 m (9.80 ft)
Crew
5
Armor
Classified
Primary
armament
152 mm howitzer 2A64
Secondary
armament
12.7 mm NSVT anti-aircraft machine gun
Engine
Diesel V-84A
840 hp (626.39 kW)
Power/weight
20 hp/tonne
Suspension
Torsion bar
Operational
range
500 km (311 mi)
Speed
60 km/h (37 mph)
The 2S19 Msta Russian Military Self-Propelled Artillery is a modern howitzer designed for employment as a crew-served weapon or fitting into self-propelled artillery mountings. Current production of the towed model is designated Msta-B while the self-propelled model is the Msta-S, also known by the GRAU index 2S19.
Development of the 2S19 started in 1985 under the project name Ferma. The prototype was known as Ob'yekt 317. The 2S19 Msta Russian Military Self-Propelled Artillery standard equipment consists of a semi-automatic laying system 1P22, an automatic loader, an NBC protection system, passive night vision device for the driver, a wading kit, a dozer blade, a smoke generator and 81mm smoke grenade launchers, 1V116 intercom system and a 16kW generator AP-18D. In 2008 the Russian armed forces ordered an improved model with automated fire control system.
The 2A64 ordnance of the 2S19 can fire the following types of ammunition, among others: HE (24.7 km), HEAT-FS, HE-BB (28.9 km), HERA (36 km), smoke, chemical, tactical nuclear, illumination and cargo (ICM). Also, the laser-guided round “Krasnopol” (of the 9K25 system) can be launched, as well as the shorter "Krasnopol-M” that fits into the automatic loader.
The Panzerhaubitze 2000 ("Armoured howitzer 2000"), abbreviated PzH 2000, is a German Military 155 mm self-propelled howitzer developed by Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW) and Rheinmetall for the German Army. The PzH 2000 is one of the most powerful conventional artillery systems currently deployed. It is particularly notable for a very high rate of fire; in burst mode it can fire three rounds in 9 seconds, ten rounds in 56 seconds, and can fire between 10 and 13 rounds per minute continuously, depending on barrel heating. The PzH 2000 has automatic support for MRSI (Multiple Rounds Simultaneous Impact) for up to 5 rounds. The replenishment of shells is automated. Two operators can load 60 shells and propelling charges in less than 12 minutes. PzH 2000 has also been selected by the armies of Italy, Netherlands and Greece, and more orders are probable as many NATO forces replace their M109 howitzers.
Specifications
Weight
55.3 tons (121,914 lbs)
combat loaded
Length
11.7 m (38.4 feet)
Width
3.6 m (11.8 feet)
Height
3.1 m (10.2 feet)
Crew
5 (Commander, Driver, Gunner, 2 Loaders)
Primary
armament
Rheinmetall 155 mm L52 Artillery Gun
Secondary
armament
Rheinmetall MG37.62 mm machine gun
Engine
MTU 881 Ka-500
986 hp (735.26 kW)
Power/weight
17.83 hp/ton
Suspension
torsion bar
Operational
range
420 km (261 mi)
Speed
60 km/h (37 mph)
General Characteristics
Crew: 5 (commander, driver, gunner, 2 loaders)
Length: 11.7 meters (38.4 feet)
Width: 3.6 meters (11.8 feet)
Height: 3.1 meters (10.2 feet)
Unit cost: US$4.45 million
Combat weight: 55.3 tons
Armament
Primary: Rheinmetall 155 mm L52 Artillery Gun
Rate of fire: 3 rounds per 10 seconds, 8 rounds per minute, 20 rounds per 3 minutes
Range (of the artillery fire): 40 km (25 miles), 56 km (34 miles) with rocket-assisted projectile
In 1986 Italy, the United Kingdom, and Germany, agreed to terminate their existing development of the PzH 155-1 (SP70) program, which had run into reliability problems and had design defects, notably being mounted on a modified tank chassis. A new Joint Ballistics Memorandum of Understanding (JBMOU) for a 52 calibre barrel (based on a UK proposal) to replace 39 calibre was nearing agreement. German industry was asked for proposals to build a new design with gun conforming to the JBMOU. Of the proposed designs, Wegmann's was selected.
Rheinmetall designed the 155 mm 52-calibre JBMOU compliant gun, which is chromium-lined for its entire 8 metre length and includes a muzzle brake on the end. The gun uses a new modular charge system with six charges (five identical), which can be combined to provide the optimal total charge for the range to the target. Primer is loaded separately via a conveyor belt, and the entire loading, laying and clearing is completely automated. The maximum range of the gun is 30 km with the standard L15A2 round (a UK design for FH-70 and stockpiled by Germany for M109G and FH70), about 35 km with base bleed rounds, and at least 40 km with assisted projectiles. In April 2006 a PzH 2000 shot assisted shells (Denel V-Lap) over a distance of 56 km with a probable maximum range of over 60 km. This gun has a MRSI capability, with five round simultaneous strikes.
Wegmann supplied both the chassis, sharing some components with the Leopard 1, and the turret for the gun. The system has superb cross-country performance and considerable protection in the case of counter-fire. The turret includes a phased array radar on the front glacis for measuring the muzzle velocity of each round fired. Laying data can be automatically provided via encrypted radio from the battery fire direction centre. A crew of three was needed for full operation, commander, layer and driver.
Wegman eventually won a contract in 1996 for 185 to be delivered to Germany's rapid reaction force, followed by another 410 for the main force. Wegmann and Krauss-Maffei, the two main German military tracked vehicle designers, merged in 1998.
A number of armies have tested the system and its ability to provide accurate fire at 40 km has been a major selling point.
The PzH 2000 was considered for the US Army's Crusader concept system, but several requirements of the Crusader made it unsuitable. In particular the Crusader placed the crew and gun in separate compartments.
Currently the only 155 mm 52-calibre self-propelled howitzer comparable to the PzH 2000 is the Polish Haubicoarmata "Krab" (eng.Howitzer-cannon Crab) which uses a Polish carriage and British AS-90 turret fitted with a BAE Systems 52 calibre barrel. Currently 2 prototypes have been produced with serial production expected to begin in the near future.
The BAE Systems Land and Armaments XM1203 Non-Line-of-Sight Cannon (NLOS Cannon) is a 155 mm cannon intended to provide improved responsiveness and lethality to the "Unit of Action" (UA) commander as part of the US Army's Future Combat Systems project. This mobile armored artillery piece provides networked, extended-range targeting, and precision attack of point and area targets in support of other combat units with a suite of munitions that include special purpose capabilities. The Non-Line-of-Sight Cannon provides sustained fire for close support and destructive fire for tactical standoff engagement. The NLOS Cannon uses technology from the canceled XM2001 Crusader.
NLOS-C is a proposed system in development to be part of the FCS (Future Combat Systems) environment and is funded by the U.S. Congress shortly after cancellation of the XM2001 Crusader M109 replacement. It is an 18 ton class vehicle that may be a replacement for current vehicle systems in the 40-60 ton weight class. If design parameters are indeed reached (always a question for systems in development) then it will provide a level of air transportability that current M-109 systems cannot at present match.
The system's primary purpose is to provide responsive fire in support of the FCS (future combat systems) Combined Arms Battalions (CABs), and their subordinate units in concert with line-of-sight, Beyond-Line-of-Sight (BLOS), Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS), external and Joint capabilities.
Round by round fire capacity
The system as proposed looks to add capabilities that the current M-109 systems do not offer. One of the proposed systems advantages is the ability to switch shell types quickly on a one by one basis allowing an illumination round to be followed by a point detonation round, to be followed by an area effect round. This would give the system the ability to fire different rounds as required by different fire calls or to change types of shells. For instance, destroying a building then engaging anyone fleeing the area with the next round.
Rate of fire
The rate of fire in the proposed system would enable more rounds sent downrange in a given amount of time allowing more fire power per system than is available with the current M-109 system. Another capability offered by the NLOS Cannon is the Multiple Rounds Simultaneous Impact mission or MRSI (pronounced mercy) mission. A MRSI mission is where the cannon fires several rounds at different trajectories allowing the rounds to impact on the same target at the same time, resulting in little or no reaction time for the enemy to adjust its position. This is accomplished by including the autoloader from the canceled Crusader project which achieves the goals of a much improved fire rate with a reduction in required crew.
Networked combat system
The proposed system is envisioned as part of a fast mobile force networked via improved communications and data capabilities to allow rapid response with enhanced accuracy with the view to reducing "blue on blue" incidents along with lessened collateral damage, while providing superior protective artillery fire to units requiring gunfire support. Navigation of the vehicle and targeting information are provided via GPS and networked information systems.
Automation of the gun system
Improvements in the refueling arrangements and automation of ammunition reloading allow reduced downtime for logistic functions that would otherwise leave the system unavailable for combat support operations. This also allows the system to be manned with 2 crewmen instead of 5. This is desirable as staffing continues to be a major contributor to life cycle cost of any combat system.
Sustainability
The main chassis of the NLOS-C is based on the Manned Ground Vehicle (MGV) platform being developed for all manned ground platforms under the Future Combat Systems Program, giving the NLOS-C a high commonality with other MGV-based platforms, especially the NLOS-M (Non-Line-of-Sight Mortar). Use of a common chassis reduces the need for specialized training of personnel and allows for faster fielding of repairs. The MGV platform utilizes a hybrid diesel-electric propulsion system. The MGV also employs numerous weight-saving features, including composite armor, composite and titanium structural elements, and continuous band tracks.
General Motors 8V71T; 8 cylinder, 2 cycle, vee, supercharged diesel 450 hp
Suspension
torsion bar
Ground clearance
44 centimetres (17 in)
Operational range
725 kilometres (450 mi)
Speed
80 kilometres per hour (50 mph)
The US Military Self-Propelled Gun The M107 175 mm was part of a family of self-propelled artillery that also included the M110. The M110E2 chassis had a Depot Level upgraded chassis and drive train due to the heavier “tube” (E2 barrel). The 175 mm gun was used primarily to attack enemy Command, Control and Communication (C3) and Supply Trains, where its 21 mile performance out ranged any common Soviet produced weapon. The M110 operated separately from the M107, with about half the effective range (even with Rocket Assisted Projectiles, RAP) but nuclear capable requiring different security, personnel in the Nuclear Personnel Reliability Program (PRP) and nuclear ammunition assembly training (N5). The M107 was the last Self Propelled “Gun” (high velocity, low trajectory, long range) in the U.S. Army inventory. The M110 was a “Howitzer” (low velocity, high trajectory, short range). Both weapons have since been replaced by 155 mm weapons like the M109 howitzer, due to the fall of the Soviet Union and a change of Strategy, Tactics, (no more massive enemy tank and artillery units) and the types of conflicts/wars the United States faces (High Intensity, Guerrilla Warfare, requiring Artillery surgical strikes, not massive destruction).
Retube
The retube from 175 mm to 8 inch (short tube or long tube) had to be done above the organizational (field) level of maintenance, since the chassis also had to be upgraded. The lowest level of retube was done at the Battalion Maintenance using an overhead rail crane/winch. Retube normally occurred at Ordnance Depot Support Units. Or Depot Level, Anniston, Picatiny, Miesau. The M578 Light Recovery Vehicle was only used to lift the “powerpack” (engine) or final drives (transmission) from the hull, this was done once a month to clean the rubbish from the engine and transmission compartment covered by two aluminum deck plates. The barrels could not be replaced using a single M578 due to weight and the precise placement of the barrel (tube) into the cradle without damaging the barrel brass runners.You had to use two cranes one either end of the tube. The “retubing” from 175 mm to 8 inch was usually accomplished by the Supporting Ordnance Company and required an overhead electric rail winch and chassis modifications for the E2 Barrel. The M578 used the same chassis and drive train components as the M107 and M110.
Chassis
Both the M107 and M110 are based on a common chassis, It features five road wheels on either side of the chassis with idler arms attached to torsion bars, with the track driven from the front by a 450 hp General Motors turbo supercharged diesel, the turbo charger being connected to the supercharger by a steel pencil size “quill” shaft. The engine and transmission mounted in the front right with the driver to its left. The engine had an attached hydraulic pump that was used to traverse the turret with a manual backup hand crank. The hydraulic pump was sometimes mistakenly used improperly to dig in the rear spade resulting in damage to the hydraulic spade cylinders after the first round is fired. The manual backup was used to Lay the Gun since the hydraulic control was too course. The primary purpose of the hydraulic pump was putting the barrel into battery, ramming ammunition and charges, raising or lowering the rear spade, rapid course deflection adjustment by the gunner, rapid course elevation adjustments by the assistant gunner.
Operations
The M107 was deployed during REFORGER Exercises as General Support to the 7th Corps to the front lines to hit way behind enemy lines. Only two rounds are carried with the gun tractor, along with five of the crew of thirteen. Two rounds are fired by the onboard crew of five (Section Chief, Driver, Gunner, Assistant Gunner, Number One (loads primer, hooks up lanyard “pig tail”, pulls lanyard on command)) and the Gun Section moves to avoid counter battery fires and destruction, similar to Sniper Tactics. The rest of the ammunition and crew followed in the M548 Ammunition Carrier based on the M113 chassis and reloads the M107 at a different location from where the Fire Mission occurred. M107 and M110 use the same drive train components as the M578 Recovery Vehicle, and this vehicle has seen wide use in a variety of engineering roles. Early barrels were limited to 300 firings with the maximum Zone 3 propellant, but later examples extended this to between 700 and 1,200 firings with extensive bore scoping by the supporting Ordnance Company.
Performance
The top speed on the speedometer recorded by one M107 driver was 50 mph at Grafenwöhr Training Area, Germany on a tank trail. During REFORGER our Battery outran Canadian Armor Units, MBTs (Main Battle Tanks). In practiced Direct Fire during REFORGER two M107 Gun Sections destroyed one Tank Platoon. This is due to the faster reload time, since the M107 has a larger open working space and not the cramped closed space of a tank or M109. In live Direct Fire at ranges exceeding the 120 mm Tank Guns the M107 could pick off a Tank Company in column formation and move before the Tanks could get within range. The obsolete tanks used at the Grafenwöhr range as targets would get flipped by the near misses. Practiced point of aim was below the front of the target (lead tank). Point of Aim was Point of Impact due to the high velocity of a Gun instead of a Howitzer. Due to the size of the Grafenwöhr Range (normally used for tank gunnery) we could only use a maximum of Zone 2, even with Zone 2, multiple target tanks would get flipped by near misses. Our direct fire training was halted due to complaints of the Range Managers, their targets were either completely destroyed or had to be flipped upright and repositioned, essentially closing the Range until this could be done.
Laying the gun involved skilled minute movements of the entire “piece” and not just traversing the turret. The driver, gunner and Section Chief would communicate with each other, with the gunner using hand signals to the driver looking in the left rear view mirror to move the vehicle left or right by tapping on the steering bar. And the other canoneers setting the collimeter and aiming stacks.
The large scale deployment of Lance Missile Batteries assumed the mission of the M107.
The M107 was also frequently used by Israel in the various Arab-Israeli conflicts. When these guns were outranged by rocket fire from Tyre, they were upgraded with the addition of Extended Range, Full Bore ammunition and new powder supplied by Gerald Bull's Space Research Corp, allowing operations over 50 km with increased accuracy.
The M107 was retired from the US Army in the late 1970s but it continues to see use in many armies around the world.
Iran
