Bionix IFV

The Bionix (BX) is a family of tracked Singaporean armoured fighting vehicles developed by Singapore Technologies Kinetics (formerly Singapore Technologies Automotive, which is now known as Singapore Technologies Engineering). Intended to augment the Singapore Army's aging M113 armoured personnel carriers, it is the first indigenous armoured vehicle to be developed in Southeast Asia. The Bionix has been operational with the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) since 1999 in a wide variety of adaptations including the Bionix II, Bionix 25 and Bionix 40/50 variants.

Bionix Infantry Fighting Vehicle
Type	Infantry fighting vehicle
Place of origin	Singapore
Service history
In service	1997 - present
Used by	Singapore Armed Forces
Production history
Designer	ST Kinetics
Designed	1988
Manufacturer	ST Kinetics
Produced	1996 - present
Specifications
Weight	Combat weight: 23 tonnes (25 short tons; 23 long tons)
Length	5.9 metres (19 ft 4 in)
Width	2.7 m (8 ft 10 in)
Height	2.6 m (8 ft 6 in)
Crew	3 (Commander, Gunner, Driver) plus 7 combat troops
Armor	MEXAS-M
Main armament	Bionix 25: M242 Bushmaster 25 mm Cannon Bionix II: Bushmaster II 30 mm Cannon
Secondary armament	7.62 mm Commander's MG 7.62mm Coaxial MG
Engine	Detroit Diesel Corporation (DDC) 6V 92TA 475 horsepower (354 kW) 550 hp (410 kW) with Turbo-charge
Power/weight	20 hp/tonne
Suspension	Hydropneumatic suspension
Operational range	400 km (250 mi)
Speed	70 km/h (43 mph)

Protection

The hull and turret are of all-welded-steel construction with modular passive armour protection. Additional armour protection can be installed with an add-on layer of spaced passive armour.

Engine

The Bionix is a compact design produced to meet the conditions of Pacific rim countries where small size is a great asset when it comes to travelling among rubber plantations and over roads and bridges not designed for heavy vehicles. The power provided by the 475 hp (354 kW) Detroit Diesel engine to drive its 23 tonnes, ensures the Bionix is able to overcome the most difficult terrain. Future upgrades in power ratings can be developed according to needs.

The integrated power pack is mounted to the right of the vehicle and can be removed from the Bionix as a complete unit in under 15 minutes. The engine is coupled to the L-3 Combat Propulsion Systems HMPT-500EC fully hydro mechanical transmission, with the final drives being provided by David Brown Defence Systems. The engine compartment is also fitted with an automatic fire detection and dry-powder fire suppression system with a supplementary manual back up.

Interior

The layout of the Bionix is conventional with the driver at the front left, the power pack situated at the front right and the turret in the center with the troop compartment at the rear. Access to the troop compartment at the rear of the vehicle is by a power-operated ramp, which can operate as an emergency access and exit door. A single hatch is installed over the troop compartment.

The driver enters via a roof hatch that opens to the left rear. When driving closed-down, observation is via three day periscopes, while the center periscope can be rapidly replaced by an image-intensification periscope for driving at night. The driver guides the vehicle using a small steering wheel rather than tillers and, as an automatic transmission is fitted, there are just two pedals - accelerator and brake. The instrument panel is mounted on the left, with the transmission selection box on the right.

In the turret, the gunner's station is on the right and the commander's station is on the left, each with a single hatch cover. The turret traverses through 360°. Traverse and weapon elevation is by all-electric digital control. Both the gunner and commander have a turret stop button and are able to lay and fire the weapons. The gunner has the turret control box mounted to the right of his position and both turret-crew members have an adjustable seat. The communications equipment is installed in the turret bustle.

The basic production models lacks an in-built air conditioning and NBC protection system, but can be fitted if/when needed.

Aiming

The gunner has a twin-control handles and a day/thermal sight, with a magnification of x8 and two fields of view (high and low), with stadias for the 25mm cannon and 7.62mm coaxial machine gun. The commander has an optical relay from the gunner's sight and a single control handle. The vehicle commander has a further five day periscopes to give observation to the turret front, left side and rear; the gunner has three periscopes (1 x M17 and 2 x L794D) to give observation to the right and rear.

Dardo Italian IFV

The Dardo is a infantry fighting vehicle designed for the Italian Army as a replacement for the M113 APC. It is designed and built by the Iveco Fiat Oto Melara Syndicated Company based in Rome. Iveco is responsible for the hull and propulsion systems while Oto Melara is responsible for the weapons system and fire control system.

Dardo
Type	Infantry fighting vehicle
Place of origin	Italy
Service history
Wars	Operation Iraqi Freedom, War in Afghanistan
Production history
Designed	1998
Produced	1998-present
Specifications
Weight	23.4 t
Length	6.7 m
Width	3.0 m
Height	2.64 m
Crew	3 (commander, gunner, driver) + 6 troops
Armor	modular Front armour against 25mm APDS
Main armament	25mm Oerlikon KBA automatic cannon; 2x TOW Anti-Tank Missile launchers (optional)
Secondary armament	7.62 mm coaxial machine gun; Smoke-grenade launchers
Engine	Iveco – Fiat 6V MTCA turbodiesel 512 hp (382.2 kW)
Power/weight	24.5 hp/tonne
Suspension	hydropneumatic torsion bar
Operational range	600 km
Speed	70 km/h

Dardo IFV Armament

The Dardo is primarily armed with the 25mm Oerlikon KBA automatic cannon firing 600 rounds per minute, with 200 rounds of ammunition stored in the turret ready to fire. Two 7.62mm NATO machine guns are also installed in the turret, one mounted coaxially with the main gun. Five rifle ports, two on each side of the hull and one in the rear are provided to allow troops inside to use their personal weapons if needed.

Fire control is provided by the Galileo Avionica Hitfist integrated fire control system which is capable of measuring target speed and range. The commander is provided with six episcope sights which provides 360° field of vision. The cupola can be further fitted with a panoramic stabilised sight. Additionally, a laser range finder and a thermal imager is provided for the gunner. The commander is equipped with a monitor that displays the view from the gunner night vision system.

For dealing with heavy armoured threats, two Spike-LR anti tank missiles can be installed on both sides of the turret with a maximum range of 4km.

Dardo IFV Self protection

The Dardo hull is built from welded aluminum alloy with add on steel armour plates for increased protection. Over the frontal arc the vehicle is protected against 25mm APDS projectiles. The side armour protects against 14.5 API projectiles. Four 80mm smoke grenade launchers, are installed on both sides of the turret, for a total of eight.

Dardo IFV Propulsion

The Dardo is powered by an Iveco V6 turbo-charged after-cooled diesel engine delivering 512 hp (382.2 kW). This drives a ZF-designed automatic transmission system which is manufactured under license by Iveco Fiat. The transmission system has four forward and two reverse gears, and incorporates the steering system and the hydraulic retarder.

The running gear consists six dual rubber lined road wheels, with three return rollers on each side and connector type tracks. The suspension consists of a torsion bar, bumper and a hydraulic shock absorber on each suspension arm. Disc brakes on each of the final drives controlled by a transmission retarder provide the braking.

Together, this allows the Dardo to achieve speeds in excess of 70 km/h, maneuver on gradients of more than 60% and ford waters up to a depth of 1.5 m.

ZBD-97 Chinese Infantry Fighting Vehicle

The ZBD-97 or Type 97 is a Chinese Infantry fighting vehicle. It mounts a turret similar in design to that of the Russian BMP-3, although the chassis is different, with a front mounted engine, and rear troop compartment.

The ZBD-04 infantry fighting vehicle is based on this.

The ZBD-97, or Type 97, has been in service with the PLA ground forces since 2006, in the armored units of the Guangzhou and Nanjing military regions.

Besides the infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) variant, an armored recovery vehicle (ARV) variant is also available.

The ZBD-04 infantry fighting vehicle is based on the ZBD-97.

Type 97/ZBD-97 IFV
Type	Infantry fighting vehicle
Place of origin	People's Republic of China
Service history
In service	2006 - Present
Production history
Designed	1990s
Produced	2000s
Specifications
Weight	approximately 20 tons
Crew	3 + 7 passengers
Armor	Welded steel
Main armament	100 mm gun/launcher, 30 mm autocannon Remote controlled 30 mm or 12.7 mm autocannon
Secondary armament	7.62 mm machine gun
Engine	diesel
Suspension	Torsion bar
Operational range	500 km
Speed	65 km/h, swimming speed: 20 km/h

Design

Overview

The ZBD-97 has a crew of three (a commander, a driver, and a gunner) and is able to carry seven troops. The commander and gunner are seated in the two-man turret located in the middle, and the driver with one passenger is located in tandem to the left of the power compartment, located at the front right. Six infantrymen are located in the troop compartment at the rear.

There are firing ports in the left, right, and exit door that allow infantrymen to fire assault rifles or light machine guns from inside the vehicle, even on the move. The vehicle has amphibious capability, designed to swim to shore from a ship. For high-speed swimming, it has two large water jet ports.

Armament

The main armament of the ZBD97 is a dual-way stabilised, semi-automatic 100mm rifled gun / missile launcher, capable of firing both HE-FRAG rounds and the 3UBK10 (or its Chinese copy) ATGM. Effective range of the HE-FRAG round is estimated to be 4,000m, with a rate of fire of 10 rounds/minute.

The 3UBK10 ATGM consists of a laser beamriding missile and a container case. The missile is used as a part of the Bastion missile system (NATO reporting name: AT-10 Stabber). As well as engaging armoured vehicles and fortifications, the missile could also engage low-flying helicopters. The missile has a range of 100~4,000m. Hit probability is 80% and the armour penetration capability is 600mm. The system carries eight missiles inside the turret.

The secondary weapon include a 30mm coaxial automatic cannon, with 500 rounds. The cannon can fire both armour-piercing (AP) and HE-FRAG rounds. Rate of fire is 300 rounds/min and range is 1,500 to 2,000m. Like the BMP-3, the ZBD97 also has a 7.62mm coaxial machine gun located to the left of the main gun, but it lacks the two bow 7.62mm machine guns found on the BMD-3.

Protection

The ZBD97 is believed to be fitted with a collective NBC-protection system, with its air filter located behind the turret to the right. There is a three-barrel smoke grenade launcher mounted on either side of the turret. The vehicle lacks the ARENA-E active protection system found on the latest version of the BMP-3, but may be fitted with an indigenous laser warning and countermeasures system.

Observation and Fire-Control

The observation systems on the ZBD97 may be similar to those of the BMP-3. The driver’s hatch mounts three periscopes, with the central periscope being able to be replaced by an image intensifying periscope for night vision. Two headlights are located on the front armour of the hull. The gunner has a main sight and a combined image-intensified day / night sight and a standby day sight. The commander has a day sight and a combined day and image-intensified night sight. Fire-control system includes a ballistic computer, an electro-mechanical gun stabiliser and a laser rangefinder.

K21 Infantry Fighting Vehicles

K21 KNIFV (Korea Next-generation Infantry Fighting Vehicle). The initial production is set for 2008, with the ROKA planning to field approximately 466 units. It is designed to effectively defeat other IFVs as heavily armed and armored as the BMP-3.

Construction

The XK21 KNIFV's chassis is constructed entirely out of fiberglass, reducing the weight of the vehicle and enabling it to travel at higher speeds without bulky and powerful engines. The NIFV is be lighter than other IFVs, including the American Bradley series, increasing both speed and payload. The design was finally deemed production-ready in 2009, following 10 years in development and a research budget expenditure of approximately USD $80m. More than 85% of the vehicle's design is domestic. However a redesign is in order following the sinking of two vehicles while engaged in amphibious operations, a board of inquiry found that the problem was a lack of buoyancy, a malfunctioning wave plate and a technical problem with the drain pump, all of which will corrected for in the new design.

K21
Type	Infantry fighting vehicle
Place of origin	Republic of Korea
Service history
In service	2009-present
Production history
Designed	1999-2008
Manufacturer	Doosan DST
Produced	2009-present
Specifications
Weight	25 tonnes
Length	6.9 m
Width	3.4 m
Height	2.6 m
Crew	3 crew + 9 passengers
Armor	Layers consisting of soft- and hard-kill anti-missile defense systems, ERA, NERA, modular & glass fiber reinforced ceramic armor
Main armament	40 mm autocannon 200 rounds Two ATGM launchers
Secondary armament	7.62 mm machine gun
Engine	Doosan- D2840LXE diesel 740 hp (840 hp for the PIP)
Power/weight	29,6 hp/tonne
Suspension	In-arm Suspension Unit
Operational range	500 km
Speed	70 km/h (road) 40 km/h (cross-country) 7 km/h (water)

Armaments

The two-man turret on the XK21 will be armed with an S&T Dynamics K40 40 mm cannon capable of firing APFSDS, high-explosive, smoke and multipurpose munitions, and a 7.62 mm machine gun. This will be combined with an advanced fire-control system and gun stabilizer usually found on third-generation main battle tanks that will make the XK21, together with the German Puma, able to move and engage the targets with high degree of accuracy at the same time. The ammunition for the autocannon is stored under the turret.

The 40 mm cannon can fire up to 300 rounds per minute, with a projectile velocity of up to 1,005 m/s. The improved APFSDS rounds fired from it will be able to penetrate up to 160–220 mm of armor, slightly higher than other APFSDS rounds, due to the self-sharpening process as the round penetrates the armour.

The multipurpose munition (Hangul: 복합기능탄) has several modes including proximity, air burst, armour-piercing and fragmentation. The mode can be configured by the XK21's FCS, which then transmits the necessary data to a small programmable fuse system inside the round before it is fired. This allows more control over the trajectory and impact of the round, expanding the scope of possible targets from medium armored vehicles to aircraft and infantry personnel.

Anti-tank armament includes indigenous 3rd-generation ATGM, with performance similar to the Israeli Spike and armour penetration from 700 mm to 1,000 mm of RHA base.

Sensors

The fire-control system is able to spot and track targets as far away as 6,000 meters away and identify them from up to 3,000 meters away. IFF sensors are also present. The vehicle will also have hunter-killer capabilities with its separate commander's sight (IFV Commander's Panoramic Sight or ICPS) and gunner's sight (IFV Gunner's Primary Sight or IGPS), which can detect both ground and aerial targets. The sights are designed by Samsung Thales.

The gunner's sight is equipped with a third generation thermal viewer and a 1.54 um laser range-finder. It can detect targets from 6,000 meters away and identify them from 3,000 meters away. The commander's sight is equipped with the same system as the gunner's. This will allow the gunner to use the commander's sight to engage targets if his own sight is disabled or destroyed. The commander of the vehicle also has the ability to override the command to take control of the turret and gun from the gunner.

Armour

Although not much is known about the composition of the XK21's armour, the frontal armour of the vehicle is specifically designed to protect against large caliber automatic cannon rounds, primarily the 30 mm APDS munitions for 2A72 automatic cannon used on BMP-3, which has approximately 50 mm armour penetration at ranges of 1,000 m. The side armour is designed to protect against 14.5 mm AP rounds, which has approximately 25 mm armour penetration at ranges of 1,000 m. The top can withstand fragments from 152 mm artillery shells exploding as close as 10 meters. Speculations have been made and it is assumed that the KNIFV has multiple layer armour (with S-2 glass fiber and ceramic complex) including lightweight aluminium alloy.

The vehicle has a soft self-sealing fuel tank that can absorb the impact of a projectile. There is also an automatic fire suppression system inside the vehicle to extinguish any internal fires that might erupt.

The XK21 PIP will include an active protection suite and hard-kill anti-missile system similar to the AWiSS that will also be utilized for the K2 PIP. This will increase the vehicle's ability to defend itself against various ATGMs.

Troop deployment

The XK21 is able to carry a total of 9 passengers and 3 more vehicle crew members. With the Battle Management System, the vehicle crew and passengers inside the vehicle can be instantly notified about the environment around them, improving their situational awareness. A 15-inch screen is installed inside the passenger compartment, which provides various data from the BMS. The vehicle is mounted with an external CCD camera, and the passengers inside can survey the environment using the same screen.

Mobility

The XK21 is equipped with Doosan D2840LXE V-10 diesel engine, equipped with a turbocharger. The vehicle itself is approximately 25 tonnes which, combined with the total output of the engine, gives it a power/weight ratio of approximately 27 hp/t. The XK21 PIP will feature an improved version of the engine that will give the vehicle an increased power of 840 hp.

A newly developed semi-active ISU, or In-arm Suspension Unit, is available for the XK21. The same unit is to be used on the K2 Black Panther. Despite having the same ISU used on the K2 Black Panther, the XK21 cannot change its posture.

The vehicle can travel on both land and water. "Pontoon System" gives more buoyancy to float on water when additional weight is put on to the vehicle.

Abhay IFV - India

Abhay IFV ("Fearless" IFV) is an Infantry Combat Vehicle (ICV) being developed in India by the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO). Abhay is being developed as a technology demonstrator for replacing Indian Army BMP-2s. At present, various systems of this vehicle are in advanced stages of development.

Abhay IFV serves as a pre-technology demonstrator to develop and test technologies that will be used on a futuristic ICV (FICV), which will replace the Indian Army's BMP-2 vehicles. The project started in the late 1990s, and design work was completed by 2001. However, the project faced delays due to US sanctions imposed after the Pokhran-II Nuclear tests.

Abhay IFV is currently being developed by the DRDO’s Ahmednagar-based Vehicles Research & Development Establishment (VRDE). A mild steel prototype of the Abhay has been built, and is presently under testing for proving automotive systems. The pre-production prototype was rolled out in June 2005. Development of the first armoured prototype is also in progress.

Abhay IFV Design

Abhay ICV has taken best of BMP and western equipment and will be designed for increased firepower.

Firepower

Abhay features an all-electrical turret drive system and a 40mm high-velocity cannon capable of firing APFSDS and HE rounds.

The anti-air firing range of the 40mm cannon is 4 km and 2.5 km for ground attack. The ICV comes loaded with a total of 210 rounds of ammunition, and its turret, housing a thermal imager using the Catherine FC, also contains a twin-launcher for the Kornet-E ATGM (anti-tank guided missile). The Abhay is operated by a crew of three, and carries seven infantry soldiers. An electro-mechanical all-electric drive (AED) for weapons control with independent stabilisation has been developed indigenously by DRDO in association with private sector industry for the turret. The purpose of the AED is to position the 40mm cannon on to the target in azimuth and elevation and to provide twin-axis turret stabilisation against external disturbances.

The AED uses brush-less drives with especially designed backlash-free elevation and traverse gearboxes coupled to the turret ring for rotation in azimuth, and to sector gears for elevation/depression of the cannon, respectively. The AED also employs vector-control technologies implemented through digital controllers and insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)-based power amplifiers for control of the brush-less drives. It also uses fibre-optic gyros as feedback elements for the purpose of stabilisation. AED has a provision for MIL-STD-1553B databus and RS-422 interfaces for real-time connectivity.

Mobility

Abhay is powered by a Greaves Cotton TD2 V8 550 hp diesel engine (a power-to-weight ratio of 24 hp/tonne) and an automatic transmission supplied by L-3 Communications. The hydropneumatic suspension allows for increased passenger comfort. These factors will give Abhay excellent mobility and speed.

Bangalore based DRDO Lab DEBEL is designing the ergonomical layout of Abhay.

Protection

Abhay is fitted with NBC protection system and Laser warning detectors.

Armor

Abhay is equipped with composite Armor. Two prototypes were built. The first one was with the steel armour and the second one was fitted with the composite armour. The composite armour reduces the weight by 40 percent compared to steel. Lighter ERA has been developed to be used on the Abhay.

Abhay
Type	Infantry Combat Vehicle
Place of origin	India
Production history
Designer	DRDO
Manufacturer	Heavy Vehicles Factory, Avadi
Specifications
Weight	23 tons
Crew	3 (commander, driver, gunner) 7 Troops
Armor	Kanchan Armor with Optional ERA
Primary armament	1x 40 mm Bofors autocannon (210 rounds)
Secondary armament	1x 30 mm automatic Grenade Launcher 7.62 mm PKT coaxial machine gun 2x Konkurs-M or MILAN ATGM
Engine	Greaves Cotton TD2V8 diesel engine 550 hp
Power/weight	24 hp/ton
Transmission	Full automatic transmission
Suspension	Hydropneumatic suspension
Operational range	400 km
Speed	35 km/h (cross country) 70 km/h (road)

Australian Light Armoured Vehicle (ASLAV)

The Australian Light Armoured Vehicle (ASLAV), is an Australian version of the Light Armoured Vehicle (LAV-25) designed and manufactured by General Dynamics Land Systems Canada for the U.S. Marines. The initial design was the MOWAG Piranha 8x8, however the vehicle was re-designed to meet North American requirements and US Military Standards. It is a highly mobile, eight wheeled amphibious armoured vehicle used for reconnaissance and surveillance operations.

ASLAV
Type	Eight-wheeled IFV
Place of origin	Canada, Australia
Service history
Used by	Australian Army
Wars	Iraq War, Afghanistan, East Timor
Production history
Designer	MOWAG General Motors Diesel Division Canada General Dynamics Land Systems - Australia
Designed	1992–1994
Manufacturer	General Motors Diesel Division Canada General Dynamics Land Systems - Australia
Unit cost	USD$2.0 million[1]
Produced	1995–2007
Number built	257
Variants	ASLAV-25, ASLAV-PC, ASLAV-C, ASLAV-S, ASLAV-A, ASLAV-F, ASLAV-R
Specifications
Weight	13.2 tonnes
Length	6.53 m
Width	2.62 m
Height	2.69 m
Crew	3 + 6 troops
Armor	Unknown
Primary armament	25 mm M242 Chain Gun 720 rounds
Secondary armament	7.62 mm MAG58 machine gun 1,200 rounds
Engine	Detroit Diesel 6V-53T 275 hp (205 kW)
Power/weight	15.53 kW/tonne
Suspension	8 wheel independent
Operational range	660 km (410 mi)
Speed	100 km/h (62 mph)

The Australian Light Armoured Vehicle (ASLAV) has an eight wheeled configuration (capable of either four or eight wheel drive), is amphibious and has a range of 600 km with a top road speed of 100 km/h. The vehicle has excellent battlefield mobility, as all wheels are equipped with a solid-core secondary tyre next to the hub, allowing the vehicle to function even with eight flat tyres.

Phase 3 improvements include a laser range finder, the latest generation thermal imager, 28 V DC electric drive for the turret and improved suspension for the hull.

The heat of northern Australia poses special problems for armoured vehicle crews with interior temperatures reaching 55 °C (131 °F). The Australian Light Armoured Vehicle (ASLAV) is fitted with air-conditioning that reduces temperatures at the crew positions to outside levels. Increasing the versatility of the Australian Light Armoured Vehicle (ASLAV) even more is the use of non-permanent Mission Role Installation Kits (MRIKs) to generate several variants from a single hull design. This is a unique Australian modification and much of the design and development work was done in Australia.

ASCOD AFV

The ASCOD (Austrian Spanish Cooperation Development) Armoured Fighting Vehicle family is the product of a cooperation agreement between Austrian Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG (in 1998 the production of heavy armed vehicles was sold out under the name Steyr-Daimler-Puch Spezialfahrzeug, which is now the producer) and Spanish Santa Bárbara Sistemas (both companies are now divisions of a unit of General Dynamics). The ASCOD family includes the LT 105, a light tank equipped with a 105 mm gun, a SAM launcher, an Anti-tank missile launcher, mortar carrier, R&R vehicle, Command & Control vehicle, ambulance, artillery observer, and the AIFV model. In Spanish service the vehicle is called Pizarro, while the Austrian version is called Ulan.

ASCOD Pizarro
Type	Armoured Fighting Vehicle
Place of origin	Spain Austria
Specifications
Weight	28 tonnes (30.9 short tons)
Length	6.24 m (26 ft)
Width	3.64 m (12 ft)
Height	2.43 m (8 ft)
Crew	3 + 8 passengers
Primary armament	30 mm Mauser MK 30-2
Secondary armament	MG3 7.62 mm (Pizarro) MG74 7.62 mm (Ulan)
Engine	Diesel 600 hp (Pizarro) 720 hp (Ulan)
Suspension	torsion bar
Speed	Road: 72 km/h

ASCOD AFV Variants

ASCOD Pizarro

ASCOD Pizarro is built by Santa Bárbara Sistemas. It has multiple variants.

• VCI/C - Infantry / Cavalry Vehicle; This is the basic ASCOD Pizarro.
• VCPC - Command Vehicle
• VCOAV - (Vehículo de Observación Avanzada) Advanced Reconnaissance Vehicle
• VCREC - Recovery Vehicle
• VCZ - Engineering Vehicle
• LT-105 Light Tank - A light tank, designed for the export market, with a 105 mm gun. There are three turrets available, each made by a different manufacturer. These manufacturers are Oto Melara, General Dynamics, and Denel Land Systems (formally known as LIW). The vehicles for the Royal Thai Marine Corps will use the turret from Denel.
• Donar - Medium 155mm SPA based on the KMW PzH 2000

ASCOD Ulan

ASCOD Ulan is built by Steyr-Daimler-Puch Spezialfahrzeug. It includes a more powerful 530 kW engine, and a different fire control system built by Kollsman.

ASCOD SV

ASCOD SV (also called the ASCOD 2 SV) is the ASCOD variant chosen for the British Army’s Specialist Vehicle Programme, and will be built by General Dynamics UK. Currently, there are four variants planned for this programme.

• ASCOD SV - Scout Variant (This is the main variant of the programme.)
• ASCOD VCPC - Command Post Armoured Vehicle Variant
• ASCOD VCOAV - Forward Reconnaissance Armoured Vehicle
• ASCOD ARV - Armoured Recovery Vehicle

The ASCOD SV is planned to include the following upgrades:

• The main weapon will be a 40mm Case Telescopic Weapon System (CT40 cannon).
• The armour will provide basic ballistic and mine protection, with upgrade add-on packages for improved protection when needed.
• The chassis will be upgraded, including an increased engine rated at 600 kW.
• The turret will be built by Lockheed Martin UK.

The vehicle is expected to weigh 42 tonnes.

ASCOD AFV Users

• Austria - 112 ASCOD Ulan
• Spain - 356 ASCOD Pizarro (293 VCI/C, 26 VCPC, 28 VCOAV, 8 VCREC, and 1 VCZ)
• Thailand - 15 ASCOD Pizarro LT-105
• United Kingdom - In negotiations

FV 510 Warrior British Infantry Fighting Vehicles

The FV510 Warrior tracked vehicle family are a series of British armoured vehicles, originally developed to replace the older FV430 series of armoured vehicles. The Warrior started life as the MCV-80 project that was first broached in the 1970s, GKN Sankey/Defence winning the production contract in 1980. Gkn defence has since been purchased by BAE systems. A total of 789 FV510 and variants were manufactured for the British Army, and 254 of a modified version (Desert Warrior) were produced for the Kuwaiti Army.

Description Warrior IFV

The Warrior incorporates several design features in keeping with UK battlefield experience. In particular, there are no firing ports in the hull, in line with British thinking that the role of the armoured personnel carrier/infantry fighting vehicle (APC/IFV) is to carry troops under protection to the objective and then give firepower support when they have disembarked. The absence of firing ports also allows additional applique armour to be fitted to the sides of the vehicle, which is invariably applied to Warriors involved in active operations. The cage armour used at one stage was replaced in 2007 by "Wrap Two" applique armour.

FV 510 Warrior
Type	Infantry fighting vehicle
Place of origin	United Kingdom
Production history
Designer	GKN Sankey / GKN Defence
Manufacturer	GKN Sankey/BAe Systems
Number built	1000+
Specifications
Weight	25.4 tonnes
Length	6.3 m (20 ft 8 in)
Width	3.03 m (9 ft 11 in)
Height	2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
Crew	3 (commander, gunner, driver) + 7 troops
Armour	Aluminium & applique
Primary armament	30 mm L21A1 RARDEN cannon
Secondary armament	L94A1 coaxial 7.62 mm chain gun 7.62 mm machine gun
Engine	Perkins V-8 Condor 550 hp (410 kW)
Power/weight	23 hp/t
Suspension	torsion bar
Operational range	410 miles (660 km)
Speed	46 mph (75 km/h)

The crew of a Warrior IFV are the driver, seated in the front hull, and the gunner and commander who are seated in the turret. The embarked infantry section can number up to seven soldiers, who are seated facing each other in the rear hull compartment. Passenger access is through a single electric ram powered door at the rear of the hull, rather than a drop-down ramp as in the American M113 APC and M2 Bradley IFV. Warrior Section Vehicles are able to carry and support seven fully-equipped soldiers together with supplies and weapons, including a number of anti-tank weapons, for a 48-hour battlefield day in nuclear/biological/chemical conditions.

The Warrior British IFV is driven by a Perkins-Rolls-Royce V8 Condor engine through a four-speed automatic gearbox. It is capable of a road speed of 46 miles per hour (74 km/h). The Warrior has the speed and performance to keep up with a Challenger 2 main battle tank over the most difficult terrain.

The vehicle is fitted with a two-man GKN Sankey turret, armed with a L21A1 30 mm RARDEN cannon capable of destroying most modern APCs at a maximum range of 1,500 metres (1,600 yd), and a L94A1 EX-34 7.62 mm Hughes Helicopters coaxial chain gun. It is fitted with two clusters of four defensive grenade launchers (usually used with Visual and Infrared Screening Smoke - VIRSS).

All Warrior Infantry Section Vehicles are now equipped with Bowman radios, which replace the earlier Clansman radios, for enhanced communications, command and control. When first introduced, the vehicles were fitted with passive Image intensifier night vision sights. These have since been progressively replaced with Thales Optronics Battle Group Thermal Imaging (BGTI) sights to upgrade night fighting capabilities. As of 2007, 350 vehicles were fitted with BGTI.

Combat history of Warrior IFV

• Operation Granby (Gulf War)
• United Nations duties in Bosnia with the UNPROFOR
• Operation Telic (2003 invasion of Iraq)
• Operation Herrick (Afghanistan with ISAF)

The protection against small arms, missiles, rocket-propelled grenades and anti-tank mines was proven during the UN operations in Bosnia. Two Warriors were destroyed during the First Gulf War, with nine soldiers killed, in a friendly fire incident when hit by an AGM-65 Maverick launched in error by an American A-10 Thunderbolt II.

As of 17 November 2008, 22 soldiers had been killed while travelling in Warrior IFVs in Afghanistan or Iraq.

Warrior IFV Operators

• British Army — 789 received between 1987 and 1995.
• Kuwaiti Army — 254 Desert Warriors received.

Warrior IFV Variants

FV510 Infantry Section Vehicle. This is the principal version operated by the British Army as described above.

• FV511 Infantry Command Vehicle
• FV512 Mechanised Combat Repair Vehicle. Operated by REME detachments in Armoured Infantry battalions. It is equipped with a 6.5 tonne crane plus power tools and is able to tow a trailer carrying two Warrior power packs or one Challenger power pack.
• FV513 Mechanised Recovery Vehicle (Repair). Also operated by REME detachments in Armoured Infantry battalions. It is equipped with a 20 tonne winch and 6.5 tonne crane plus power tools and (like the FV512) is able to tow a trailer carrying two Warrior power packs or one Challenger power pack.
• FV 514 Mechanised Artillery Observation Vehicle. This is operated by the Royal Artillery as an Artillery Observation Post Vehicle (OPV) and is fitted with mast-mounted Man-packable Surveillance and Target Acquisition Radar (MSTAR) and Position and Azimuth Determining System (PADS), with Image Intensifying and Infra Red equipment. The only armament is the 7.62 mm machine gun, as the 30 mm Rarden cannon is replaced with a dummy weapon. This allows space for the targeting and surveillance equipment while still keeping largely the same outward appearance of a standard Warrior in order to avoid becoming a priority target.
• FV 515 Battery Command Vehicle. This is operated by the Royal Artillery
• Desert Warrior. This was an export version adapted for operations in hostile desert conditions. It was fitted with the Delco turret as used on the LAV-25 wheeled IFV, mounting a stabilised M242 Bushmaster 25 mm chain gun with coaxial 7.62 mm chain gun and 2 x Hughes TOW ATGM launchers (one mounted on each side). In 1993, Kuwait purchased 254 Desert Warrior vehicles.
• Warrior 2000. This was a new version developed for the Swiss Army. It did not enter production. It featured an all-welded aluminium hull, increased armour, digital fire control system and more powerful engine. It was fitted with the Delco turret, or a Land Systems Hagglunds E30 turret with Alliant Techsystems Bushmaster II Mk 44 30 mm cannon.

Warrior upgrade programme

Upgrades already fitted to Warriors in British Army service include the Bowman Communications System and Thales Battle Group Thermal Imaging (BGTI) night sights. Future upgrades will include a digital fire control system and improved power pack.

The British Army intends upgrading its Warriors to extend their service life to 2025. The Warrior Capability Sustainment Program (WCSP) will involve upgrading 643 of its Warriors with the Warrior Modular Protection System (WMPS) and Warrior Enhanced Electronic Architecture (WEEA). Within that group, 449 vehicles will also be fitted with a new turret and weapon system under the Warrior Fightability Lethality Improvement Program (WFLIP). The remainder will be designated as Armoured Battlefield Support Vehicles (ABSV), will lack turrets and carry out field repair and recovery roles using winch and crane attachments.

Under the WFLI program, the RARDEN cannon, which lacks stabilisation and is manually loaded with three-round clips, will be replaced by a stabilised belt-fed 40 mm weapon developed by Anglo-French firm CTA International and firing Cased telescoped ammunition. This weapon will also equip the FRES-SV reconnaissance vehicle which will be part of the Future Rapid Effect System.

BAE Systems and Lockheed Martin are currently competing for the WCSP contracts. Lockheed Martin's WFLIP upgrade is based on the existing Warrior turret, which is claimed will reduce the costs of upgrade. BAE Systems have designed a new turret.

VBCI French Infantry Fighting Vehicles

The Véhicule Blindé de Combat d'Infanterie (VBCI, "Armoured vehicle for infantry combat") is a French armoured fighting vehicle designed to replace the AMX-10P. They are planned to join active service in 2008, with 550 combat vehicles (VBCI/VCI) and 150 command vehicles (VBCI/VPC). Other countries like Spain have shown interest in the VBCI.

The Véhicule Blindé de Combat d'Infanterie is built on an aluminium hull which carries a modular THD steel and titanium armour, which can be replaced in the field. The 8x8 wheel combination is designed to make the VBCI more comfortable and less costly than a tracked vehicle, while giving it sufficient mobility to back the Leclerc tank. The VBCI is also designed to be transportable by the Airbus A400M, with an empty mass less than 18 tonnes (full load mass up to 28 tonnes).

VBCI
Place of origin	France
Specifications
Weight	(normal combat load); VCI: 25.6 t, VPC: 23.3 t
Length	7.6 m
Width	2.98 m
Height	2.2 m
Crew	2 + 9-man combat team
Armour	steel and titanium
Primary armament	M811 25 mm x 137 mm NATO cannon
Secondary armament	co-axial 7.62 mm NATO machine gun
Engine	Diesel 550 hp (410 kW)
Suspension	Wheel
Operational range	750 km
Speed	100 km/h

Versions

• VCI (infantry combat vehicle): Combat group of 9 men (+ crew), medium calibre Dragar type turret (25 mm), 7.62 mm machine gun.
• VPC (command post vehicle): 2 SIP stations with 7 users (+ crew), self-defence turret armed with a 12.7 mm machine gun.

Common features for both version include SIT (Système d’Information Terminal) communication equipment, combat identification equipment, and NBC detection and protection equipment.

C4ISR

The VBCI will be completely integrated in the French C4ISR capability. The VCI version will use the SIT (Système d’Information Terminal — The lowest level of C4IST in the French forces), while the VPC will use the SIR (Système d’Information Régimentaire — A higher level in the same system).

The vehicle will be designed to primarily carry soldiers equipped with the FÉLIN system.

DRAGAR Turret

The DRAGAR Turret (GIAT INDUSTRIES) is a single seat modular design turret integrating a 25 mm stabilized gun. Fire control integrates a laser telemeter and a thermal camera. The rate of fire is up to 400 rounds/min, and the turret allows anti-air self-defence. It also includes a coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun for close defence and a Galix grenade launching system.

LAV III Canadian Infantry Fighting Vehicles

The LAV III armoured vehicle (AV) is the latest in the Generation III Light Armoured Vehicle (LAV) series built by General Dynamics Land Systems, entering service in 1999. It is based on the Swiss MOWAG Piranha IIIH 8x8.

The LAV III was developed in Canada and is the primary mechanized infantry vehicle of the Canadian Land Force Command and the New Zealand Army. The United States Army uses a more lightly armed LAV III derivative named the Stryker. The LAV III and the Stryker have also been referred to as Land Assault Vehicles.

LAV III
Type	Infantry Fighting Vehicle
Place of origin	Canada
Service history
Used by	See 'Operators'
Wars	See 'Service history'
Specifications
Weight	16.95 t
Length	6.98 m (22.9 ft)
Width	2.7 m (8.9 ft)
Height	2.8 m (9.2 ft)
Crew	3 (+ 6 or 7 passengers)
Primary armament	1 × M242 25 mm chain gun with TIS
Secondary armament	1 × C6 7.62 mm machine gun (coaxial) 1 × C9A2 5.56 mm or C6 7.62 mm machine gun (pintle mount)
Engine	Caterpillar 3126 diesel 260 kW (350 hp)
Suspension	Hydropneumatic
Operational range	450 km (280 mi)
Speed	100 km/h (62 mph)

LAV III Mobility

The LAV III is powered by a Caterpillar 3126 diesel engine developing 350 horsepower, and can reach speeds of 100 kilometres per hour. The vehicle is fitted with 8x8 drive and also equipped with a central tire inflation system, which allows it to adjust to different terrain, including off-road. The LAV III is fitted with a modern anti-locking brake system (ABS) and a traction control system (TCS). Unlike earlier versions of the LAV, the LAV III does not have any amphibious capabilities.

The LAV III faces the same concerns that most other wheeled military vehicles face. Like all wheeled armoured vehicles, the LAV III's ground pressure is inherently higher than a tracked vehicle with a comparable weight. This is a result of the fact that tires will have less surface area in contact with the ground when compared to a tracked vehicle. Higher ground pressure results in an increased likelihood of sinking into soft terrain such as mud, snow and sand, leading to the vehicle becoming stuck. The lower ground pressure and improved traction offered by tracked vehicles also gives them an advantage over vehicles like the LAV III when it comes to managing slopes, trenches, and other obstacles.

The LAV III can somewhat compensate for these effects by deflating its tires slightly, meaning that the surface area in contact with the ground increases, and the ground pressure is slightly lowered.

However, wheels offer several advantages over tracked vehicles, including lower maintenance for both the vehicle and road infrastructure, quieter movement for improved stealth, greater speed over good terrain, and higher ground clearance for protection against mines and improvised explosive devices.

The LAV III's turret gives the vehicle a higher centre of gravity than the vehicle was initially designed for. This has led to concerns that the vehicle is more likely to roll over on uneven terrain.

While there have been several recorded rollovers (about 12), the most common cause was found to be unstable terrain, specifically road shoulders unexpectedly giving away beneath the vehicle. The weight balance of the LAV III is taken into consideration during driver training, largely mitigating the chances of a rollover.

LAV III Protection

The basic armor of the LAV III ,covering the Standardization Agreement STANAG 4569 level III ,which provides a all-round protection against 7.62x51mm NATO. A ceramic appliqué armor (MEXAS) can be added, which protects against 14.5x114mm heavy calibre rounds from 500 meters. In December 2008 the Government of Canada awarded EODC Engineering, Developing and Licencing Inc. C$81.5 million worth of contracts to provide for add-on-armour kits, modules and spares for its LAV III wheeled armored personnel carriers. This armour kit is intended to provide increased protection against Improvised explosive device, Explosively formed penetrator and 30 mm caliber armour piercing rounds. The LAV III can be also fitted with cage armour, which provides protection against shaped charges. The LAV III is fitted with a nuclear, biological, chemical (NBC) filtration system accompanied with a GID-3 chemical detector and AN/VDR 2 radiation detector systems. The LAV III was designed to produce a very low and very compact structure to minimize radar and IR-signatures. The LAV III also uses heat-absorbing filters to provide temporary protection against thermal imaging (TIS), image intensifier and infrared camera (IR).

The majority of Canadian casualties in Afghanistan have occurred during a patrol aboard a LAV III. This can be explained by the fact that the LAV III is the most commonly used Canadian armoured personnel carrier in theatre, and simply represents a normal association between use and likelihood to encounter a mine or improvised explosive device. The LAV III offers comparable or better protection than most other infantry carriers used in Afghanistan. In an effort to improve protection as a result of experiences in Afghanistan, future LAV III upgrades will likely include improved mine and IED protection.

LAV III Armament

The LAV III is fitted with a two-man turret, armed with the M242 Bushmaster 25 mm caliber chain gun and coaxial 7.62-mm machine gun. One more 5.56 mm or 7.62 mm machine gun is positioned on top of the turret.The LAV-III have also has eight 76-mm grenade in two clusters of four launchers positioned on each side of the turret. The grenade launchers are intended for smoke grenades.

LAV III Sights

The LAV III is equipped with a daytime optical, Thermal Imaging System (TIS) and Generation III Image Intensification (II). The LAV III is equipped with a Tactical Navigation System (TacNav) to assist them in navigation and target location tasks. The LAV III is equipped with a LCD monitor directly connected to the vehicle's external cameras, providing real-time images of the battlefield for the passengers.

Combat Vehicle 90 Swedish Infantry Fighting Vehicle

The Combat Vehicle 90 (CV90) or Stridsfordon 90 (Strf 90) is a Swedish infantry fighting vehicle designed by Hägglunds where the first generation was fitted with a Bofors turret. It is currently produced by BAE Systems Hägglunds.



CV 90 Design

Various customer requirements have led to several generations of CV90 where major differences are survivability and the electronic architecture. With higher protection follows higher curb weight, and the vehicle combat weight has risen from 23 to 35 tonnes. Power-to-weight ratio has remained approximately the same with increasingly stronger diesel engines. The track suspension system has seen upgrades in several stages. The Mk III version has a digital electronic architecture with several different CAN-buses and digital networks, and is the first IFV to boast an automatic Defensive Aid Suite (DAS) which classifies threats and in automatic mode can fire smoke and/or the main gun in suitable directions as well as instruct the driver. At the Eurosatory 2010 exhibition a version called Armadillo was presented. The Armadillo shown was in Armoured Personnel Carrier (APC) version that shows how flexible the original platform is, and with a bolted roof several other roles (like ambulance, control vehicle or other turreted versions) are easy to create.

Combat Vehicle 90 (9040A)
A Strf9040A in Swedish service
Type	Infantry fighting vehicle
Place of origin	Sweden
Service history
In service	1993-present
Wars	War in Afghanistan United Nations Mission in Liberia
Production history
Designer	Hägglunds/Bofors
Manufacturer	BAE Systems Hägglunds
Number built	Over 1,000
Specifications
Weight	23-35 tonnes (Mk0 to MkIII)
Length	6.55 m
Width	3.1 m
Height	2.7 m
Crew	3 (commander, gunner, driver) 7 troopers
Primary armament	40mm Bofors Autocannon, 30mm Bushmaster Cannon (MkI & MkII export model) or 35/50 mm Bushmaster Cannon (MkIII export model)
Secondary armament	7.62 mm Browning machine gun
Engine	Scania DSI 14 litres or DSI 16, V8 Diesel 550-810 hp (410- 595 kW) 2300 nm
Power/weight	24.1 hp/tonne
Transmission	Automatic
Suspension	torsion bar
Operational range	320 km
Speed	70 km/h

CV 90 Protection

The basic armor of the CV9040 provides all-round protection against 14.5 mm armour-piercing rounds. Armour protection over the frontal arc is classified but all models from CV9040B and later are said to be protected against 30 mm APFSDS. Some variants, including the CV9030N, can be fitted with MEXAS, a ceramic appliqué armor which provides all-round protection against 30 mm APFSDS. This armour kit is intended to provide increased protection against Improvised explosive device, Explosively formed penetrator and 30 mm caliber armour piercing rounds. All CV90s are fitted with a Kevlar spall suppression liners which cover the interior spaces and provide protection for the troops inside against shrapnel and anti-personnel artillery munition.

The CV90 can be also fitted with cage armour, which provides protection against tandem-charge and shaped charge warheads. The CV90 is fitted with a nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) filtration system accompanied with a chemical detector and radiation detector systems. The CV90 also use an heat-absorbing filters to provide temporary protection against thermal imaging (TIS), image intensifier and infrared camera (IR). The CV 90 was designed to produce a very low and very compact structure and minimized radar and IR-signatures.

With every generation of CV90 there has been an increase in payload and corresponding protection levels. The inherent mine protection levels have risen substantially to presently defeat the heaviest (10 kg TNT) anti-tank mines.

CV 90 Mobility

The CV90 Mk0 is powered by a DSI14 developed by Scania, which provides 550 horse power (HP) and it can reach speeds of 70 kilometers per hour. The basic CV90 has a maximum road range of 320 kilometers but the latest generation can reach up to 600 kilometers. The CV90 offers quieter movement for improved stealth, greater speed over good terrain, and higher ground clearance for protection against mines and improvised explosive devices.

CV 90 Armament

The basic CV90 is fitted with a two-man turret, armed with Bofors 40 mm caliber gun and coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun. One more 5.56 mm or 7.62 mm machine gun is positioned on top of the turret. The CV90 also carries eight 76-mm grenades in two clusters of four launchers positioned on each side of the turret. The grenade launchers are intended for smoke grenades.

Sight

The CV90 is equipped with a daytime optical, Thermal Imaging System (TIS) and Generation III Image Intensification (II).

Production

Production of the CV 90 began in 1993, and over 1,000 vehicles have been ordered. In November 2000, Finland ordered 57 CV9030 vehicles. Total cost was €250 million (in 2008 euros), or €4.42 million per vehicle. In June 2004 Finland made another purchase, bringing the overall quantity ordered to 102. This time the cost was €2.92 million (in 2008 euros) per vehicle. In December 2005, Denmark ordered 45 CV9035 vehicles for a cost of €188 million or €4.18 million per vehicle.

CV 90 Variants

• CV9040: The original model with a 40 mm Bofors autocannon. Used by Sweden
• CV9040B: Updated CV90 with fully stabilized gun, although elevation suffers because of this. Used by Sweden
• CV9040C: Version for International Operations with additional all-round armour and tropical climate kit. Used by Sweden
• CV9030: Export version with a 30 mm Bushmaster II autocannon. Adopted by Norway, Switzerland and Finland.Within BAE Systems Hägglunds, the Norwegian CV9030N are generally known as the CV90 Mk I while the more advanced Finnish CV9030FIN and Swiss CV9030CH vehicles are known as the CV90 MK II.
• CV9035: Armed with a Bushmaster III 35/50 cannon. Adopted by the Netherlands as CV9035NL and Denmark as CV9035DK. Within BAE Systems Hägglunds CV9035 is known as the CV90 MK III.
• CV90105: 105 mm Rifled tank gun/turret. Designed by Hägglunds (BAE Systems) and GIAT (Nexter).
• CV90120-T: Equipped with tank turret and smoothbore 120 mm gun. (120 mm Gun select as Rheinmetall or IWI.)
• CV9040 AAV (TriAD): Anti-Air Vehicle, fitted with radar and 40 mm autocannon. Can also elevate its cannon higher than CV9040

• CV90: Command Vehicle.
• CV90: Forward Observation Vehicle, more advanced IR sensor fitted.
• CV90: Armored Recovery Vehicle. (BgBv90 Swedish army designation)
• CV9056: Prototype version equipped with the Bofors RB56 anti-tank missile. No units ordered.
• Armadillo: Armoured Personnel Carrier version built on a modular CV90 Mk III chassis

The forward observation, command and recovery vehicles are armed only with a machine gun.

The CV 90 has also been fitted with the advanced mortar system under the name Grkpbv 90120 (granatkastarpansarbandvagn, "tracked armoured mortar vehicle") or formerly SSG 120 (Splitterskyddad granatkastare, "lightly armoured mortar"). The vehicle is a project between Hägglunds and Patria, and is still under development.

Sweden originally planned for a mix of CV9040 and CV9025, tests of the 25 mm turret being carried out on on an Ikv 91 chassis, but finally decided on the 40 mm version, due to the much higher potential of the larger calibre.

Combat service

With production having begun in 1993, the CV90 had remained untested in live combat until November 2007, when Norwegian Army CV90s from 2nd Battalion saw heavy combat during Operation Harekate Yolo in Afghanistan. During the first week of November, Norwegian ISAF forces from 2nd Battalion and Kystjegerkommandoen based in Mazar-e-Sharif, responded to a Taliban attack on Afghan National Army forces in the Ghowrmach district. Having been heavily outnumbered by the Taliban forces, the Norwegians used mortars and, in particular, CV90s, to effectively beat down the attack. The operation left an unknown number of Taliban casualties, but Norwegian news sources say as many as 45 to 65 Taliban forces may have been killed, and many more wounded.

The CV90 was later used extensively by ISAF-forces of the Norwegian Army's Telemark Battalion in May 2008, when the battalion, during Operation Karez in the Badghis Province, came under heavy machine gun and RPG fire from Taliban fighters. The attack left 13 Taliban fighters dead, and unknown number of wounded. No allied casualties were reported.

In January 2010, a Norwegian soldier driving a CV9030 was killed when it drove over an IED in Ghowrmach, Afghanistan.

Swedish CV90s have also seen service in Liberia. As of the spring of 2009, Sweden operates 4 CV9040s in Afghanistan. Swedish CV90s have seen combat with insurgents on at least two occasions.

In February 2010 Denmark sent 10 CV9035DK's to Afghanistan in order to bolster their contingent in Helmand Province. The Danish contingent has suffered numerous casualties since they began operations in the province in the autumn of 2006. The vehicles are from the Danish Royal Lifeguard Regiment, based in the Northern part of Seeland. They are working alongside with MOWAG Piranha IIIC, MOWAG Eagle IV, M113 G3DK and Leopard 2A5DK, all contributed by Denmark, in the Helmand Province. By April 2010 two of the ten vehicles have been hit with IEDs, in both cases protecting the crew and passengers of personal injury. The vehicles lost two wheels and tracks, and were sent back to the manufacturer in Sweden for further investigation. On the 7th of August 2010, a CV9035DK hit an IED in Afghanistan. 2 were killed and 3 wounded. The explosion was so powerful the vehicle was turned over.

CV-90 Operators

• Denmark: 45 CV9035DK.
• Finland: 102 CV9030FIN (57 first batch, 45 second batch).
• Netherlands: 192 CV9035NL (Initial order of 184 vehicles raised to 192. Deliveries will be completed by 2011.)

• Norway: 104 CV9030N. 17 of these have been upgraded with air-condition, additional mine protection and rear-view cameras, and are designated CV9030NF1.
• Switzerland: 186 CV9030CH
• Sweden: 509 vehicles, including 42 CV9040C with additional armour.

Evaluation operators

• Canada: 1 CV9035 Mark III

• United Kingdom