Type 052B Guangzhou Class Destroyer

The Type 052B or Guangzhou class destroyer (NATO reporting name: Luyang I class) is a class of multirole missile destroyers built by the People's Republic of China. Two ships have been built, with Guangzhou (168) and Wuhan (169) both being commissioned into the PLAN in July 2004. This class features a stealthy hull and significantly improved air defence systems, an area that had been a major weakness on previous ships designed by China. These ships represent a major improvement over the older generation vessels and reflects PLAN's need to have a modern destroyer.

The Type 052B (Guangzhou class) multirole missile destroyer was the first Chinese-built warship capable of area air defence. The Type 052B is built with considerable Russian technology including the Russian-made 9M38 Buk-M1-2 (NATO codename: SA-N-12 Grizzly) air defence missile system, an extremely effective air defence system with a range of 38 km. Most military analysts expect the Guangzhou class to be similar to the Russian Sovremenny class destroyer in terms of general performance. The chief designer of this class is the academician Mr. Pan Jingfu, who is also the designer of the previous two classes.

Class overview
Builders:	Jiangnan Shipyard
Operators:	People's Liberation Army Navy
Preceded by:	Type 051B
Succeeded by:	Type 052C
In service:	July 2004
Completed:	2
Active:	Guangzhou Wuhan
General characteristics
Displacement:	5,850 tons
Length:	154 m
Beam:	17 m
Draught:	6 m
Propulsion:	CODOG 57,000 shp
Speed:	30 knots
Complement:	280
Armament:	16 YJ-83 anti-ship missiles 48 SA-N-12 Grizzly surface-to-air missiles 1 dual purpose gun 2 Type 730 CIWS 2 anti-submarine mortars 6 torpedo tubes
Aircraft carried:	1 helicopter: Kamov Ka-27
Aviation facilities:	Single helicopter hangar

The modern capabilities of this vessel demonstrate the Chinese desire to build up their blue-water navy and ability to project force into deeper waters. This shows a strong internationally-influencing naval force is being developed and will be a force to contend with in the future.

he Type 052B uses either a Fregat-MAE-5 (Top Plate) 3D search radar or a Type 382 Radar (Upgraded version from Type 381 Radar "Sea Eagle S/C") 3D air/surface search radar , mounted at the top of the forward mast. Four MR90 Front-Dome radars provide fire control for the SA-N-12 missiles. A Type 344 fire control radar controls the main gun. A bandstand radar provides fire control for the YJ-83 ASCM missile.

The displacement of the Type 052B is 5850 tons (revealed by an official news on Jul 24, 2007, slightly less than the previously estimated 6500 tons). The ship features a "low point" design and combines this with radar absorbing paint to reduce radar signature. The ship's funnel incorporates cooling devices to reduce infrared signatures. The stern flight deck can host a Kamov Ka-28 ASW helicopter.

The Type 052Bs incorporate an extensive array of weapons systems. She is equipped with two missile launchers, one forward and one aft on the ship. These launchers can launch the SA-N-12 Grizzly Surface-to-Air Missile. Each launcher has two dedicated MR-90 Front Dome fire control radars and carries a total of 48 missiles. She also has 4 quad YJ-83 Anti-Ship Cruise Missile launchers located amidships. For guns she has a 100mm cannon in 'A' position and this was also the first PLAN vessel to be equipped with a Close-In Weapons System, or CIWS. For sub-surface threats, she is armed with 2 triple 324mm Yu-7 Anti-Submarine torpedo tubes and two Type 75 twelve-barrel 240mm antisubmarine rocket launchers. The Type 052B is equipped with four 18-barrel Type 724 chaff launchers for part of its self-defense suite.

King Sejong the Great Class Destroyer

The King Sejong the Great class destroyers or also known as KD-III, are guided missile destroyers of the Republic of Korea Navy. The lead ship was launched 25 May 2007, sponsored by Kwon Yang-sook, the First Lady of the Republic of Korea at the time and was commissioned in December 2008. The second ship was commissioned in August 2010. As of 2010, the ROK Navy has committed itself to deploy three ships with an option for three more.

The ship features the Aegis combat system (Baseline 7 Phase 1) combined with AN/SPY-1D multi-function radar antennae.

The Sejong the Great class is the third phase of the Republic of Korea Navy's Korean Destroyer eXperimental (KDX) program, a substantial shipbuilding program, which is geared toward enhancing ROKN's ability to successfully defend the maritime areas around Korea from various modes of threats as well as becoming a blue-water navy. At 8,500 tons standard displacement and 11,000 tons full load, the KDX-III King Sejong the Great destroyers are by far the largest destroyers in the Republic of Korea Navy, and built slightly bulkier and heavier than Arleigh Burke class destroyers or Atago class destroyers to accommodate 32 more missiles. KDX-III are currently the largest surface warfare ships to carry the Aegis combat system.

King Sejong the Great Class Destroyer
Builders:	Hyundai Heavy Industries Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering
Operators:	Republic of Korea Navy
Preceded by:	Chungmugong Yi Sun-sin class destroyer (KD-II)
Cost:	$923 million
General characteristics
Class and type:	Sejong the Great class destroyers
Displacement:	8,500 tons standard displacement 11,000 tons full load
Length:	165.9 m
Beam:	21.4 m
Draft:	6.25 m
Propulsion:	4 General Electric LM2500 COGAG; two shafts, 100,000 total shaft horsepower (75 MW)
Speed:	30+ knots (56+ km/h)
Range:	5,500 nautical miles (10,200 km)
Complement:	300-400 crew members
Sensors and processing systems:	AN/SPY-1D(V) multi-function radar AN/SPG-62 fire control radar DSQS-21BZ hull mounted sonar MTeQ towed array sonar system
Electronic warfare and decoys:	LIG Nex1 SLQ-200K Sonata electronic warfare suite
Armament:	1 x 5 inch (127mm/L62) Mk-45 Mod 4 naval gun 1 x 30 mm Goalkeeper CIWS 1 x RAM Block 1 CIWS 4 x 4 SSM-700K Hae Sung anti-ship missiles 80-cell Mk 41 VLS SM-2 Block IIIB/IV 48-cell K-VLS 32 x Hyunmoo III land attack cruise missiles 16 x K-ASROC Red Shark in (VLS) 2 x 3 K745 LW Blue Shark torpedoes
Aircraft carried:	• Hangar for two Super Lynx or SH-60 Seahawk, one more on landing pad

Armaments

Sejong the Great class destroyers' main gun is the 127mm/L62 Mk. 45 Mod 4 naval gun, an improved version of the same gun used on other warships from several foreign nations. Point-defense armaments include two 30 mm Goalkeeper CIWS and a RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile Block 1 21-round launcher, the first Aegis platform to carry RAM. Anti-aircraft armament consists of SM-2 Block IIIA and IIIB in 80-cell VLS. Anti-Submarine Warfare armaments consists of both K-ASROC Hong Sahng-uh (Red Shark) anti-submarine rockets and 32 K745 LW Cheong Sahng-uh (Blue Shark) torpedoes. Anti-ship capability is provided by 16 SSM-700K Hae Sung (Sea Star) long-range anti-ship missile, each with performance similar to the U.S. Harpoon. Land-attack capability is provided by the recently-developed Hyunmoo IIIC (Guardian of the Northern Sky) cruise missile, which is similar to the U.S. Tomahawk.

Missile batteries

• VLS: 128 cell
  • Mk 41 VLS 48 cell (Fwd)
  • Mk 41 VLS 32 cell (Aft)
  • K-VLS 48 cell (Aft)

Capabilities

Sejong the Great class destroyers' are often compared to Arleigh Burke class and Atago class because they utilize the AN/SPY-1 multi-function radar, have similar propulsion and capabilities. One notable difference between the Sejong the Great-class ships and Burkes is the number of VLS cells. Destroyers of the Sejong the Great class will have a capacity of 128 missiles, as opposed to 96 on the Arleigh Burke class and the Japanese Atago class destroyers. Another similarity to Arleigh Burke class Flight IIA and Atago class destroyers is the presence of full facilities for two helicopters, a feature missing from earlier Arleigh Burke and Kongō class destroyers.

Hull names

On April 20, 2007, Chief of Naval Operations of the Republic of Korea Navy announced that the lead ship of KDX-III class destroyers will be referred as the Sejong the Great. King Sejong the Great is the fourth king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. He is credited with the creation of the Korean alphabet, Hangul.

Atago Class Destroyer

The Atago class of guided missile destroyer is an improved version of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF)'s Kongō class destroyers. It is a Japanese variant of the United States Navy Arleigh Burke-class destroyer (Flight IIA).

Both ships of the class share a same name with Japanese World War II cruisers.

The Atago class is fundamentally an improved and scaled up version of Kongō class destroyers. It features large accommodation and capable of flexible operation. One of the most obvious changes is an additional hangar to carry one SH-60K helicopter. In comparison to the Kongō-class/Arleigh Burke-class (Flight I) which only had helicopter platforms (but no support equipment), these ships have better helicopter handling facilities. To enhance Atago class' function as command centers, the bridge is two floors higher than Arleigh Burke-class Flight IIA, making her full load displacement over 10,000 tons—the first time for a JMSDF surface combat vessel. The gun caliber has extended from the 54 caliber of the Kongō class to the 62 caliber with strengthened powder charge capable 38 km firing range . As with other Japanese ships being refit, the American-made Harpoon missiles (such as in the initial configuration of the Kongō class) have been replaced with the Japanese-made Type 90 (SSM-1B) surface-to-surface guided missiles.

Atago Class Destroyer
Type:	Guided missile destroyer
Displacement:	7,700 tons standard 10,000+ tons full load
Length:	170 m (557 ft 9 in)
Beam:	21 m (68 ft 11 in)
Draft:	6.2 m (20 ft 4 in)
Propulsion:	4 Ishikawajima Harima/General Electric LM2500-30 gas turbines Two shafts 5-bladed CP props 100,000 shaft horsepower (75 MW)
Speed:	30 knots (56 km/h)
Boats and landing craft carried:	1 Rigid hull inflatable boat
Complement:	300
Sensors and processing systems:	AN/SPY-1 radar OPS-28E surface search radar AN/SQS-53C sonar 3 x AN/SPG-62 FCS AN/SQQ-89 Mk 46 Optronic director Mk 160 FCS Mk 116 FCS
Electronic warfare and decoys:	ESM/ECM：NOLQ-2 4 x Mark 36 SRBOC
Armament:	• 8 x SSM-1B SSM • SM-2MR Standard SAM • RUM-139 VL ASROC • 1 x 5 inch (127 mm)/62 cal Mk.45 mod 4 lightweight gun • 2 x 20 mm Phalanx CIWS Block1B • 2 x HOS302 triple torpedo tubes (6 x Mk-46 or type73 torpedoes) • 2 x 12.7mm M2 machine gun
Aircraft carried:	1 × SH-60K helicopter

Japan has also purchased a manufacturing license for these weapons for use on their Kongo class Aegis destroyers. Japan Steel Works will manufacture, assemble and test the weapons.

The fire-control system for the Atago is Aegis Weapon System Baseline 7 phase 1, which will combine American- and Japanese-manufactured systems to make up the complete Aegis system. The Aegis Weapon System baseline 7 has improved tracking accuracy for vertical targets, and an acquisition capability for small low-altitude targets compared with the Aegis Weapon System baseline 4 and 5, used in Kongō class. The Atago also use a new stealthier plain-structure mast, which was originally designed in Japan, rather than familiar lattice type mast. New modified smokestack and other improvements are also introduced to make Atago stealthier.

Like the Kongō class, the Atago destroyers are equipped with a comprehensive suite of weapon systems including:

• Japan Type 90 (SSM-1B) anti-ship missile
• 96-cell Mk-41 VLS (64 cells in the forward area, 32 cells in the stern area)

• RIM-66 Standard surface-to-air missile
• RUM-139 VL ASROC

• Two Mark 15 20 mm CIWS gun mounts
• Two torpedo mounts in a triple-tube configuration
• One Mk 45 Mod 4 127 mm 62-caliber gun, in a stealth-shaped mount. Made by Japan Steel Works under an American license from its original manufacturer.

In keeping with Japan's post-war pacifist constitution, the Atago class does not carry the Tomahawk missile. While the two ships of Atago class are entering service, the Tachikaze class destroyers, Tachikaze and Asakaze are to be decommissioned.

Type 45 Destroyer

The United Kingdom's Type 45 destroyer (Daring class) is an air defence destroyer programme of the Royal Navy which will replace its Type 42 destroyers. The first ship in the class, HMS Daring, was launched on 1 February 2006 and commissioned on 23 July 2009. The ships are now built by BAE Systems Surface Ships. The first three ships were assembled by BAE Systems Surface Fleet Solutions from partially prefabricated "blocks" built by BAE Systems itself and VT Group.

The UK originally sought to procure air defence ships as part of the eight-nation NFR-90 project and later the Horizon Common New Generation Frigate programme with France and Italy. The Type 45s take advantage of some Horizon development work and utilise the Sea Viper missile system (the SAMPSON radar variant of the Principal Anti-Air Missile System). In 2009, delivery of the ships' Aster missiles was delayed due to a failure during testing. A subsequent investigation revealed a manufacturing fault with a single batch of missiles and delivery of the Aster 30 is back on schedule.

In an "intensive attack" a single Type 45 could simultaneously track, engage and destroy more targets than five Type 42 destroyers operating together. The Daring class are the largest escorts ever built for the Royal Navy in terms of displacement. After Daring's launch on 1 February 2006 former First Sea Lord, Admiral Sir Alan West stated that it would be the Royal Navy's most capable destroyer ever, as well as the world's best air-defence ship. The reduction in the number to be procured from 12 eventually down to six (in 2008) was hugely controversial.

General characteristics
Type:	Guided missile destroyer
Displacement:	Standard; 7,500 tonnes Full load; 8,100 tonnes
Length:	152.4 m (500 ft 0 in)
Beam:	21.2 m (69 ft 7 in)
Draught:	7.4 m (24 ft 3 in)
Propulsion:	2 shafts integrated electric propulsion; 2× Rolls-Royce WR-21 gas turbines, 21.5 MW (28,800 shp) each 2× Wärtsilä 12V200 diesel generators, 2 MW (2,700 shp) each 2× Converteam electric motors, 20 MW (27,000 shp) each
Speed:	In excess of 29 kn (54 km/h; 33 mph)
Range:	7,000 nautical miles (13,000 km) at 18 kn (33 km/h)
Complement:	190 (accommodation for up to 235)
Sensors and processing systems:	SAMPSON multi-function air tracking radar (Type 1045) S1850M 3-D air surveillance radar (Type 1046) 2× Raytheon I-band Radar (Type 1047) 1× Raytheon E/F-band Radar (Type 1048) Ultra Electronics Series 2500 Electro-Optical Gun Control System (EOGCS) Ultra Electronics SML Technologies radar tracking system Ultra Electronics/EDO MFS-7000 sonar
Electronic warfare and decoys:	UAT16
Armament:	Anti-air missiles; Sea Viper air defence system, SYLVER A50 VLS with a combination of up to 48 anti-air missiles; Aster 15 missiles - short to medium range. (2-30 km) Aster 30 missiles - long range missile. (3-120 km) Guns; 1 x BAE 4.5 inch Mk8 Mod. 1 gun 2 x 30 mm guns 2 x Phalanx CIWS 2 x Miniguns 6 x General Purpose Machine Guns Decoys; Surface Ship Torpedo Defence Provision for but not fitted with; 2 x Quad Boeing AGM-84 Harpoon launchers (8 anti-ship missiles) BGM-109 Tomahawk land attack cruise missiles
Aircraft carried:	1-2× Lynx HMA8 or 1× Westland Merlin HM1 Armed with 4× anti ship missiles 2× anti submarine torpedoes
Aviation facilities:	Flight deck and enclosed hangar for up to two medium-lift helicopters

Background

The UK had sought to procure the ships in collaboration with seven other NATO nations under the NFR-90 project which later collapsed. The UK then joined France and Italy in the Horizon CNGF programme; however, differing national requirements, workshare arguments and delays led to the UK withdrawing on 26 April 1999 and starting its own national project. On 23 November 1999 Marconi Electronic Systems was confirmed as prime contractor for the Type 45 project. Seven days later MES and British Aerospace merged to form BAE Systems, making the latter the prime contractor.

The Type 45 project has been criticised for rising costs and delays, with the ships costing £6.46 billion, an increase of £1.5 billion (29%) on the original budget. The first ship entered service in 2010, rather than 2007 as initially planned. In 2007 the Defence Select Committee expressed its disappointment that the MoD and BAE had failed to control rising costs.

General characteristics

The Type 45 destroyers are 152.4 m in length, with a beam of 21.2 m and a draught of 7.4 m. This makes them significantly larger than the Type 42 they replace, displacing about 7,350 tonnes compared to 5,200 tonnes of the Type 42. The Type 45 destroyers are the first British warships built to meet the hull requirements of Lloyd's Register's Naval Rules. BAE Systems is the Design Authority for the Type 45, a role traditionally held by the UK Ministry of Defence. The design of the Type 45 brings new levels of radar signature reduction to the Royal Navy, with deck equipment and life rafts concealed behind superstructure panels producing a very "clean" superstructure similar to the French La Fayette class of frigates. The mast is sparingly equipped externally.

The Type 45 design uses the Principal Anti-Air Missile System (PAAMS), a joint British, French and Italian design. PAAMS consists of a SAMPSON fire control and tracking radar, MBDA Aster 15 and 30 missile systems and a 48-cell SYLVER vertical missile launcher, giving both short-range and long-range anti-air capability. The PAAMS system is able to control and coordinate several missiles in the air at once, allowing several tracks to be intercepted, and the SYLVER missile launcher can be upgraded to add more modern weapons if necessary. It has been suggested that the SAMPSON radar is capable of tracking an object the size of a cricket ball travelling at three times the speed of sound.

Although the Type 45 represents a significant improvement to air defences, her anti-ship capability is currently limited to the single medium calibre gun and helicopter-borne Sea Skua missiles.

Armament and sensors

Anti-air

• Sea Viper missile system
  • SAMPSON multi-function air tracking radar
  • S1850M 3D air surveillance radar
  • 48× MBDA Aster missiles (mix of Aster 15 and Aster 30) in six 8-cell SYLVER A50 (Systeme de Lancement Vertical) vertical launchers.

Guns

• 1× BAE Systems 4.5 inch Mk 8 mod 1 gun. The Darings are designed to accommodate a 155 mm gun upgrade currently being studied by the RN.
• 2× Oerlikon 30 mm KCB guns on single DS-30B mounts
• 2× Miniguns and up to 6× General Purpose Machine Guns
• 2× Phalanx 20 mm close-in weapons systems (from 2011)

Anti-ship

• Fitted 'for but not with' 2× quadruple RGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missile launchers.
• The embarked Lynx HMA 8 helicopter is capable of carrying Sea Skua anti-ship missiles.
• The 4.5 inch Mark 8 naval gun has an anti-ship role.

Anti-submarine

• MFS 7000 sonar
• The embarked Lynx HMA 8 helicopter or Merlin HM1 helicopter is capable of carrying Sting Ray torpedo. The Merlin HM1 helicopter is fitted with its own dipping sonar and carries sonobuoys.

Land attack

• The Type 45 as it stands has no land-attack missile capability and the SYLVER A50 launcher currently has no capability to fire such a missile. However, should the need arise, it would be possible to fit them with the American Mk. 41 VLS, firing the BGM-109 Tomahawk.
• The 4.5 inch Mark 8 naval gun has a naval gunfire support (NGS) role. The proposed upgrade to a 155 mm gun would increase range and explosive effect as well as giving commonality with Army 155 mm guns in logistics and a possibility of a co-development of advanced ammunition for inter-service use in the future.

Countermeasures

• The Seagnat decoy system allows for the seduction and distraction of radar guided weapons, through active and passive means. An infra-red 'spoofing' device is planned for future retrofits.
• Airborne Systems's IDS300 floating naval decoy system (corner reflectors)
• Surface Ship Torpedo Defence System (SSTD) active torpedo decoy system

Communications

• Fully Integrated Communications System (FICS45) - a combined external and internal communications system supplied by Thales and SELEX Communications Ltd.

METOC Meteorology and Oceanography

• The Metoc system by BAE Systems comprises the Upper Air Sounding System using launchable radiosondes by Skycom Telecom Ltd (Wales) and Graw Radiosondes (Germany) joint venture, as well as a comprehensive weather satellite receiving system and a bathymetrics system. These sensors will provide each vessel with a full environmental awareness for tasks such as radar propagation, ballistics and general self-supporting meteorological and oceanographic data production.

Aircraft

• 1-2 Lynx HMA 8 helicopter - Sea Skua anti-ship missiles and Sting Ray torpedoes or 1 Merlin helicopter - Sting Ray torpedoes, dipping sonar and sonobuoys.
• The flight deck of the Type 45 is big enough to accommodate aircraft up to the size of the Chinook.

Other

• Type 45 has sufficient space to embark 60 Royal Marines and their equipment.

Propulsion

The Type 45 is fitted with an innovative integrated electric propulsion system. Historically, electric-drive ships (like USS Langley) have supplied power to their electric motors using DC, and ship's electrical load, where necessary at all, was either separately supplied or was supplied as DC with a large range of voltage. Integrated electric propulsion seeks to supply all propulsion and ship's electrical load via AC at a high quality of voltage and frequency. This is achieved by computerised control, high quality transformation and electrical filtering.

Two Rolls-Royce WR-21 gas turbine alternators and two Wärtsilä 12V200 diesel generators provide electrical power at 4,160 volts to a high voltage system. The high voltage supply is then used to provide power to two Converteam advanced induction motors with outputs of 20 MW (27,000 hp) each. Ship's services, including hotel load and weapons system power supplies are transformed down from the high voltage supply to 440 V or 115 V.

The benefits of integrated electric propulsion are cited as:

• The ability to place the electric motors closer to the propeller, thus shortening the shaftline, obviating the need for a gearbox or controllable pitch propellers, and reducing exposure to action damage.
• The opportunity to place prime movers (diesel generators and gas turbine alternators) at convenient locations away from the shaftline, thus reducing the space lost to funnels, while at the same time improving access for maintenance and engine changes.
• The freedom to run all propulsion and ship services from a single prime mover for much of the ship's life, thus dramatically reducing engine running hours and emissions.

Key to the efficient use of a single prime mover is the choice of a gas turbine that provides efficiency over a large load range; the WR21 gas turbine incorporates compressor intercooling and exhaust heat recuperation, making it significantly more efficient than previous marine gas turbines, especially at low and medium load.

The combination of greater efficiency and plenty of fuel storage give an endurance of 7,000 nautical miles (13,000 km) at 18 knots (33 km/h). High power density, coupled with the hydrodynamic efficiency of a longer hull form, allows for sustained high speed; It has been reported that Daring reached her design speed of 29 knots (54 km/h) in 70 seconds and achieved a speed of 31.5 knots (58 km/h) in 120 seconds during sea-trials in August 2007.

Akizuki Class Destroyer

The Akizuki class destroyer is a future destroyer class of the JMSDF - four ships are planned initially. The class is designed partly to "guard" Aegis destroyers in the Missile defense (MD) missions. This class was used to be called "19DD", derived from the Japanese calendar, specifically the 19th fiscal year of the Heisei period (2007).

The design of this class derives from the one of the Takanami class destroyer, but there are many points improved. Main gas turbine engines are standardized with the power upped version of the Rolls-Royce Spey SM1C in contrast to the combination of the Rolls-Royce SM1C and the General Electric LM2500 which is used in Takanami-class.

The main features of the class are its enhanced C4ISR and AAW capability with the OYQ-11 advanced combat direction sub-system (ACDS) and the FCS-3A AAW weapon sub-system.

OYQ-11

This is the first CDS adopting fully distributed computing archtechture with the AN/UYQ-70 workstations and Link 16 capability for general-purpose destroyers of JMSDF. In addition to the CDS, this class is equipped with SATCOM terminals with Superbirds for the MOF system. The MOF, Maritime Operation Force System is the operational C4I system commonly used in the fleet of the JMSDF, based on the ILOG architecture and interoperable with other JSDF forces. And there are also USC-42 DAMA terminals for the GCCS-M, the American counterpart of the MOF system.

FCS-3A

This is the AAW weapon system of Japanese make. It consists of two main components, one is the dual-band and multimode radar system, and the other is the fire-control system. The FCS-3A system is the derivative of the FCS-3 system of the Hyūga class helicopter destroyer, but this system is introduced with the local area defense (LAD) capability. The SAM system integrated with FCS-3A is ESSM.

And also ASW and EW capabilities are enhanced with the OQQ-22 integrated sonar suite sub-system (hull-sonar and OQR-3 towed array; Japanese equivalent of the American AN/SQQ-89) and the NOLQ-3D digitalized EW suite sub-system. These sub-systems are integrated with NOYQ-1B Wide area network. The totality of these systems are comparable to the one of the Zumwalt class destroyer.

Akizuki Class Destroyer
Preceded by:	Takanami-class destroyer
Cost:	DD115: JPY84.4 billion $893 million (constant 2009 USD)
Planned:	4
Completed:	1
General characteristics
Type:	Destroyer
Displacement:	5000 tonnes standard 6800 tonnes full load
Length:	150.5 m (493 ft 9 in)
Beam:	18.3 m (60 ft 0 in)
Draft:	5.3 m (17 ft 5 in)
Depth:	10.9 m (35 ft 9 in)
Propulsion:	COGAG, two shafts, four Rolls Royce Spey SM1C turbines
Speed:	30 kn (56 km/h; 35 mph)
Complement:	200
Sensors and processing systems:	ATECS (advanced technology command system) OYQ-11 ACDS FCS-3A AAW system OQQ-22 ASW system NOLQ-3D EW system OPS-20C surface search radar
Armament:	Guns 1 × 127 mm (5 in)/62 gun Missiles 8 × Type 90 SSM 1 × Mk 41 VLS (32cells) RIM-162 ESSM SAM RUM-139 VL-ASROC (DD 115) Type07 VL-ASROC (DD 116 to DD 118) CIWS 2 × 20 mm Phalanx Block1B CIWS Torpedoes 2 × HOS-303 triple 324 mm (12.8 in) torpedo tubes Anti-torpedo System
Aircraft carried:	1 × SH-60K helicopter

Kolkata Cass Destroyer

The Kolkata class of guided-missile destroyers of the Indian Navy were conceptualized under Project 15A, and include land-attack capability as well as some signature reduction features. Three ships of the class are being built at Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL). The first vessel is expected to join the fleet in 2012. Four more ships are planned under Project 15B, and construction was approved by India's Defence Acquisition Council in February 2009.

Kolkata Class Destroyer
Name:	Kolkata class
Builders:	Mazagon Dock Limited
Operators:	Indian Navy
Preceded by:	Delhi class
Succeeded by:	Project 15B
Cost:	Program Cost: 8,459 crore (US$1.89 billion) Unit Cost: 2,820 crore (US$628.86 million)
Building:	3
Planned:	7
General characteristics
Type:	Guided missile destroyer
Displacement:	Full load: 6,800 tonnes (6,700 long tons)
Length:	163 m (535 ft)
Beam:	17.4 m (57 ft)
Propulsion:	COGAG: Zorya 2× M36E gas turbine plants with 4× DT-59 reversible gas turbines 2× RG-54 gearboxes 2× Bergen/GRSE KVM-diesel engines, 9,900 hp (7,400 kW) each 4× 1mWe Wartsila WCM-1000 generator sets driving Cummins KTA50G3 engines and Kirloskar 1MV AC generators
Speed:	In excess of 30 knots (56 km/h)
Sensors and processing systems:	IAI EL/M-2248 MF-STAR Multi-mission radar (Active Electronically Scanned Array) IAI EL/M-2238 L-band STAR surveillance radar BEL HUMSA-NG sonar BEL RAWL-02 /Thales LW-08 D-band air search radar ,aft BEL Nagin active towed array sonar, BEL Electronic Modular Command & Control Applications (EMCCA Mk4) combat management system
Electronic warfare and decoys:	Elbit Systems Deseaver MK II countermeasures systems and defensive aids suite
Armament:	• Anti-ship: 4× 4-cell BrahMos UVLM • Air-defence: 2× 32-cell VLS Barak II SAM • CIWS: 4× 30 mm AK-630 gatling guns • Anti-submarine warfare: Torpedo tubes and 2× RBU-6000
Aviation facilities:	Flight deck and enclosed hangar for up to two naval helicopters

Development

These are the largest warships ever constructed at Mazagon, the oldest Indian naval dockyard. The concept and function for Project 15A was framed by the Navy's Directorate of Naval Design, while the detailed design was developed by Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL). Three vessels of the Kolkata class are under construction at MDL.

Aimed at adding improving the country's naval capabilities, India has launched the indigenous warship with enhanced stealth features and land-attack capabilities. Project 15 A, although conceived as a follow-on of the earlier Delhi class, has major advances in its weapons and sensors. Propelled by four Zarya reversible gas turbines from Ukraine, there was delay in construction due to default by Ukraine in delivering the propellers and shafts, the contract for which was later awarded to Russia.

Indian designed and built systems onboard include the HUMSA-NG (Hull Mounted Sonar Array – new generation) and the Nagin active towed array sonar. The vessels will also feature BrahMos cruise missiles and the Indo-Israeli Long Range Surface to Air Missile (LRSAM) which has a range of 70 km. Each vessel is expected to cost 38 billion (US$847.4 million), including the cost of spares and maintenance over the ship's life.

Ships of the class

Name	Pennant	Laid down	Launched	Sea trials	Commissioning
INS Kolkata		27 September 2003	30 March 2006		May 2012
INS Kochi		25 October 2005	18 September 2009		May 2013
INS Chennai		21 February 2006	1 April 2010		May 2014

Project 15B

In January 2011, the Cabinet Committee for Security gave approval for four more destroyers under Project 15B. Even though Type 15B retains the hull form of Kolkata class destroyers, there will be changes in the superstructure and will be far stealthier with better sound and infrared suppression systems. The Project 15B will be armed with the Nirbhay cruise missile of 1,000 km range, the hypersonic Brahmos-II cruise missile and Extended Range Surface to Air Missile (ER-SAM) with a range of 100 km. Project 15 B differs from Project 15 A because of the “flush deck.” Flush Deck enable stealth as its smooth with less angles and corners. The displacement of each Project 15 B will be 7000 tonnes. except weaponry, which will be imported, the ship will be totally indigenous. It is also expected to carry Nirbhay and Brahmos – II cruise missiles. In addition It may feature Barak -II for Air defence. As with most Indian design, the ship will operate two helicopters.

Zumwalt Class Destroyer

The Zumwalt class destroyer (DDG-1000) is a planned class of United States Navy destroyers, designed as multi-mission ships with a focus on land attack. The class is a scaled-back project that emerged after funding cuts to the larger DD-21 vessel program. The program was previously known as the "DD(X)". The Zumwalt-class destroyers are multi-role and designed for surface warfare, anti-aircraft, and naval fire support. They take the place of the battleships in filling the former congressional mandate for naval fire support, though the requirement was reduced to allow them to fill this role. The vessel's appearance has been compared to that of the historic ironclad.

The DDG-1000 is planned to feature: a low radar profile; an integrated power system, which can send electricity to the electric drive motors or weapons, which may someday include a railgun or free-electron lasers; total ship computing environment infrastructure, serving as the ship's primary LAN and as the hardware-independent platform for all of the ship's software ensembles; automated fire-fighting systems and automated piping rupture isolation. The destroyer is being designed to require a smaller crew and be less expensive to operate than comparable warships. It will have a wave-piercing tumblehome hull form whose sides slope inward above the waterline. This will reduce the radar cross-section, returning much less energy than a more hard-angled hull form. As of January 2009, the GAO found that only four out of 12 of the DDG-1000's critical technologies were mature.

The lead ship will be named Zumwalt for Admiral Elmo Zumwalt, and carries the hull number DDG-1000. Originally 32 ships were planned for the class, but this was progressively cut down to two, with three to be built currently. The Navy expects each ship to cost nearly $3.3 billion. The DOD's proposed 2010 budget called for three DDG-1000 ships to be produced.

Zumwalt Class Destroyer Overview
Name:	Zumwalt
Builders:	General Dynamics
Operators:	United States Navy
Preceded by:	Arleigh Burke-class destroyers
Cost:	US$6,6 billion (FY 2011)
In service:	April 2013 (forecast)
In commission:	March 2015 (forecast)
Planned:	USS Zumwalt, USS Michael Monsoor, DDG-1002
Cancelled:	4–5
General characteristics
Class and type:	Zumwalt
Type:	Multi-mission destroyer, emphasis on land attack
Displacement:	14,564 long tons (14,798 t)
Length:	600 ft (180 m)
Beam:	80.7 ft (24.6 m)
Draft:	27.6 ft (8.4 m)
Propulsion:	2 Rolls-Royce Marine Trent-30 gas turbines and emergency diesel generators, 78 MW (105,000 shp)
Speed:	In excess of 30 kn (56 km/h; 35 mph)
Complement:	140
Sensors and processing systems:	AN/SPY-3 Multi-Function Radar (MFR) (X-band, scanned array)
Armament:	• 20 × MK 57 VLS modules, with a total of 80 launch cells RIM-162 Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile (ESSM), 4 per cell Tactical Tomahawk, 1 per cell Vertical Launch Anti-Submarine Rocket (ASROC), 1 per cell • 2 × 155 mm Advanced Gun System 920 × 155 mm rounds total; 600 in automated store + Auxiliary store room with up to 320 rounds (non-automatic) as of April 2005 70–100 LRLAP rounds planned as of 2005 of total • 2 × Mk 110 57 mm gun (CIGS)
Aircraft carried:	• One SH-60 LAMPS helicopter or MH-60R helicopter • Three MQ-8 Fire Scout VT-UAVs
Aviation facilities:	Flight deck and enclosed hangar for up to two medium-lift helicopters

Stealth

Despite being 40% larger than an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer the radar signature is more akin to a fishing boat and sound levels are compared to the Los Angeles-class submarine. The tumblehome hull reduces radar return and the composite material deckhouse also has a low radar return. Water sleeting along the sides, along with passive cool air induction in the mack reduces thermal emissions.

Tumblehome wave piercing hull

A return to a hull form not seen since the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, the Zumwalt-class destroyer reintroduces the tumblehome hull form. Originally put forth in modern steel battleship designs by the French shipyard Forges et Chantiers de la Mediterranee in La Seyne in Toulon, French naval architects believed that tumblehome, in which the beam of the vessel narrowed from the water-line to the upper deck, would create better freeboard, greater seaworthiness, and, as Russian battleships were to find, would be ideal for navigating through narrow constraints (canals). On the down side, the tumblehome battleships experienced stability problems, especially in high speed turns or losses in watertight integrity. 21st century tumblehome is being reintroduced to reduce the radar return of the hull. The bow is designed to cut through waves rather than ride over them. As mentioned above, the stability of this hull form in high sea states has caused debate among naval architects.

Advanced Gun System (AGS)

There has been research on extending the range of naval gunfire for many years. Canadian engineer Gerald Bull and Naval Ordnance Station Indian Head tested an 11 inch sub-calibre saboted long-range round in a stretched 16"/45 Mark 6 battleship gun in 1967. The Advanced Gun Weapon System Technology Program (AGWSTP) evaluated a similar projectile with longer range in the 1980s. After the battleships were decommissioned in 1992, the AGWSTP became a 5" gun with an intended range of 180 kilometres (110 mi), which then led to the Vertical Gun for Advanced Ships (VGAS). The original DD-21 was designed around this "vertical gun", but the project ran into serious technology/cost problems and was radically scaled back to a more conventional 6.1 inch Advanced Gun System (AGS). One advantage of this move was that the gun was no longer restricted to guided munitions.

The Advanced Gun System is a 155 mm naval gun, two of which would be installed in each ship. This system consists of an advanced 155 mm gun and the Long Range Land-Attack Projectile. This projectile is in fact a rocket with a warhead fired from the AGS gun; the warhead weighs 11 kg / 24 lb and has a circular error of probability of 50 meters. This weapon system will have a range of 83 nautical miles (154 km) and the fully automated storage system will have room for up to 750 rounds. The barrel is water cooled to prevent over-heating and allows a rate of fire of 10 rounds per minute per gun. The combined firepower from a pair of turrets gives each Zumwalt-class destroyer firepower equivalent to 18 conventional M198 field guns.

Peripheral Vertical Launch System (PVLS)

The Peripheral Vertical Launch System is an attempt to reclaim the prized center space of the hull while increasing the safety of the ship from the loss of the entire missile battery and the loss of the ship in the case of a magazine explosion. The system scatters pods of VLS around the outer shell of the ship having a thin steel outer shell and a thick inner shell. The design of the PVLS would direct the force of the explosion outward rather than ripping the ship in half. Additionally this design keeps the loss of missile capacity down to just the pod being hit.

Boat and helicopter arrangements

Two spots will be available on a large aviation deck while boat handling is to be dealt within a stern mounted boat hangar with ramp. The boat hangar’s stern location meets high sea state requirements for boat operations.

Dual-band radar

Originally, the AN/SPY-3 Active Electronically Scanned Array primarily X-band radar (high altitude near airspace) was to be married with Lockheed Martin's SPY-4 S-band volume search radar. Raytheon’s X-band, active-array SPY-3 Multi-Function Radar (MFR) offers superior medium to high altitude performance over other radar bands, and its pencil beams give it an excellent ability to focus in on targets. SPY-3 will be the primary DBR radar used for missile engagements. On 2 June 2010 Pentagon acquisition chief Ashton Carter announced that they will be removing the SPY-4 S-band Volume Search Radar from the DDG 1000's dual-band radar. It seems that the new radar will be The Air Missile Defense Radar (AMDR), a system currently in the early stages of development The AMDR will provide multi-mission capabilities, supporting both long range, exoatmospheric detection, tracking and discrimination of ballistic missiles, as well as Area and Self Defense against air and surface threats. For the Ballistic Missile Detection capability, increased radar sensitivity and bandwidth over the current SPY system is needed to detect, track and support the SPY-3's engagements of advanced ballistic missile threats at the required ranges. For the Area Air Defense and Self Defense capability, increased sensitivity and clutter rejection capability is needed to detect, react to, and engage stressing Very Low Observable / Very Low Flyer (VLO/VLF) threats in the presence of heavy land, sea, and rain clutter. Each band will have its own signal processors, with the returns combined by the display sensor manager. This system is thought to provide high detection and excellent anti-jamming capabilities. But at least one report by Congress' investigative arm, the GAO, raises concerns that it is too much of a technology leap.

Sonar

A dual-band sonar controlled by a highly automated computer system will be used to detect mines and submarines. It is claimed that it is superior to the Burke's sonar in littoral ASW, but less effective in blue water/deep sea areas.

• Hull-mounted mid-frequency sonar (AN/SQS-60)
• Hull-mounted high-frequency sonar (AN/SQS-61)
• Multi-function towed array sonar and handling system (AN/SQR-20)

Propulsion

The DDX proposed to use a Permanent Magnet Motor (PMM) within the hull. An alternate twin pod arrangement was rejected as the ramifications of pod drives would require too much development and validation cost to the vessel. The PMM is considered to be another technology leap and is the cause of some concern along with the radar system from Congress. As part of the design phase, Northrop Grumman had built the world's largest permanent magnet motor, designed and fabricated by DRS Technologies. This proposal was dropped when the PMM motor failed to demonstrate that it was ready to be installed in time.

Zumwalt will have Converteam's Advanced Induction Motors (AIM), rather than DRS Technologies' Permanent Magnet-Synchronous Motors (PMM).

"...The exact choice of engine systems remains somewhat controversial at this point. The concept was originally for an integrated power system (IPS) based on in-hull permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMMs), with Advanced Induction Motors (AIM) as a possible backup solution. The design was shifted to the AIM system in February 2005 in order to meet scheduled milestones; PMM technical issues were subsequently fixed, but the program has moved on. The downside is that AIM technology has a heavier motor, requires more space, requires a "separate controller" to be developed to meet noise requirements, and produces one-third the amount of voltage. On the other hand, these very differences will force time and cost penalties from design and construction changes if the program wishes to "design AIM out"..."

Integrated Power System (IPS)

The Integrated Power System (IPS) is a step both forward and backwards. In some ways similar to the old turbo-electric drive, the addition of PMMs and integration of all electrical power systems gives ten times the power available on current destroyers. It also impacts the ship's thermal and sound signature. The IPS has added to weight growth in the Zumwalt-class destroyer as noted by the GAO.

Automation

Automation will reduce crew size on these ships. A smaller crew will reduce a major component of operating costs.

Ammunition, food, and other stores, are all mounted in containers able to be struck below to magazine/storage areas by an automated cargo handling system.

Water spray or mist systems are proposed for deployment in the Zumwalt-class destroyer but the electronic spaces remains problematic to the designers. Halon/Nitrogen dump systems are preferred but do not work when the space has been compromised by a hull breach. The GAO has noted this system as a potential problem yet to be addressed.

Computer network

The Total Ship Computing Environment Infrastructure (TSCEI) is based on GE Fanuc Embedded Systems' PPC7A and PPC7D single-board computers running LynuxWorks' LynxOS RTOS.

Sovremenny Class Destroyer, Russian Navy

The Sovremenny class destroyer is the principal anti-surface warship of the Russian Navy. Soviet designation for the class was Project 956 Sarych (Buzzard).

The Sovremenny class destroyer primary role is to attack enemy warships while also providing sea and air defense for warships and transports under escort. It complements the Udaloy-Class Destroyers in Anti-Submarine operations.

Class overview
Builders:	Severnaya Verf (Zhdanov Shipyard)
Operators:	Soviet Navy Russian Navy People's Liberation Army Navy
In commission:	1980
Completed:	21
Active:	12 in Russia, 4 in China
Retired:	7
General characteristics
Displacement:	6,200 tons standard, 7,940 tons full load
Length:	156 m
Beam:	17.3 m
Draught:	6.5 m
Propulsion:	2 shaft steam turbines, 4 boilers, 100,000 hp
Speed:	32 knots
Range:	14,000 nm at 14 kt
Complement:	350
Armament:	2× 4 SS-N-22 'Sunburn' Moskit SSM 2 × 1 SA-N-7 'Gadfly' SAM 4× (2×2) 130 mm guns 4× 30 mm AK-630 Gatling guns 4× (2x2) 553 mm Torpedo tubes 2 × RBU-1000 ASW rockets
Aircraft carried:	1× Ka-27 'Helix'

Command and Control

The Sovremenny class destroyer combat systems can use target designation data from the ship's active and passive sensors, from other ships in the fleet, from surveillance aircraft or via a communications link from the ship's helicopter. The multi-channel defence suite is capable of striking several targets simultaneously.

Missiles

The Sovremenny class destroyer is outfitted with the Raduga Moskit anti-ship missile system with two four-cell launchers installed port and starboard of the forward island and set at an angle about 15°. The ship carries a total of eight Moskit 3M80E missiles, NATO designation SS-N-22 Sunburn. The missile is a sea-skimming missile with velocity of Mach 2.5, armed with a 300 kg high-explosive or a nuclear 200 kt warhead. The range is from 10 to 120 km. The launch weight is 4,000 kg.

Two Shtil surface-to-air missile systems are installed, each on the raised deck behind the twin-barrelled 130 mm guns. Shtil is the export name of the SA-N-7, NATO reporting name Gadfly.(From the 9th ship onwards, same launcher is used for SA-17Grizzly/ SA-N-12Yezh.) The system uses the ship's three dimensional circular scan radar for target tracking. Up to three missiles can be aimed simultaneously. The range is up to 25 km against targets with speeds up to 830 m/s. The ship carries 48 Shtil missiles.

Guns

The Sovremenny class destroyer 130 mm guns are the AK-130-MR-184. The system includes a computer control system with electronic and television sighting. The gun can be operated in fully automatic mode from the radar control system, under autonomous control using the turret mounted Kondensor optical sighting system and can also be laid manually. Rate of fire is disputed, but various Russian sources credit the weapon with a cyclic rate of 30-40 rounds per minute per barrel, in line with the French Creusot-Loire 100 mm or the Italian OTO-Melara 127 mm/54, but faster than the US Mark 45.

The ship has four six-barreled 30 mm AK-630 artillery systems. The maximum rate of fire is 5,000 rounds/min. Range is up to 4,000 m for low flying anti-ship missiles and 5,000 m for light surface targets. The gun is outfitted with radar and television detection and tracking. The latest Sovremennys carry the CADS-N-1 Kashtan CIWS system instead of AK-630.

Anti Submarine Systems

The Sovremenny class destroyer has two double 533 mm torpedo tubes and two six-barrel RBU-1000 anti-submarine rocket launchers, with 48 rockets. Range is 1,000 m The rocket is armed with a 55 kg warhead.

Helicopter

The Sovremenny class destroyer helicopter pad accommodates one Kamov Ka-27 anti-submarine warfare helicopter, NATO codename Helix. The helicopter can operate in conditions up to Sea State 5 and up to 200 km from the host ship.

Countermeasures

The Project 956 destroyer is fitted with an electronic countermeasures system and carries a store of 200 rockets for the two decoy dispensers, model PK-2.

Sensors

The complete sensor suite and ECM is all around, very impressive: 3D radar 'Top Steer', replaced later with 'Top Plate' (MR-760), 230 km range vs fighters and 50 km vs missiles; Mineral system ('Band Stand') to allow the SS-N 22 guidance; 3 navigation and surface control radar MR-201 e 212; 2 'Bass Tilt'(MR-123) for CIWS; 6 'Top Dome' radar for SA-N-7 guidance (a very large arrangement to assure an effective defense against saturation attacks), linked with 3D radar and two SAM launcher (5 missile min each); 1 'Kite Screech' radar for 130 mm (MR-184 Lev). ECM and ESM are many: 2 ESM MR-410 or MP-405; 2 ECM MRP-11M or 12M ('Bell Shroud'), 2 'Bell Squat', 4 'Foot-ball B' and one MR-407; 2 PK-2M rocket launchers (140 mm), and 8 PK-10 (120 mm), 2-8 laser-warning systems Spektr-F, one Squeeze Box (TV, laser and IR system). Sonar: MGK-355 Medium and high frequences (M/HF) Platina integrated sonar system with NATO reporting name Bull Horn, including the MG-335 hull mounted array. Type 956 originally only carries the hull mounted array because the ASW gear of this class is primarily for self-defense. For Type 956A, an improved MGK-355MS Platina is carried, which include hull mounted array, VDS, and towed array, with NATO reporting names Bull Nose / Mare Tail / Steer Hide respectively. It's reported that Type 956EM will be equipped with the successor of MGK-355/355MS, the MGK-355TA integrated sonar system which includes both the hull mounted and towed arrays (with NATO reporting name Horse Jaw & Horse Tail respectively).

Propulsion

The Sovremenny class destroyer propulsion system is based on two steam turbine engines each producing 50,000 hp together with four high-pressure boilers. There are two fixed-pitch propellers. The ship's maximum speed is just under 33 knots. At a fuel-economic speed of 18 knots the range is 3,920 miles.

Type 051C (Luzhou) Class Destroyer, PLA Navy

The Type 051C (Luzhou) class destroyer is a long-range air-defense guided missile destroyer built by China in its ongoing effort to create a true blue water navy. The Type 051C (Luzhou) class destroyer uses the hull design of the older Type 051B (Luhai class), but is equipped with the advanced Russian S-300FM air defense missiles systems. Currently, two ships of this class have been launched and deployed by People's Liberation Army Navy North Sea Fleet. The construction of the Luzhou class destroyer at of the China’s northern Dalian Shipyard was revealed in 2004 with the help of Internet photographs. A disadvantage of the Type 051C is that it lacks the stealthier radar cross-section found on the newer Chinese warships. The Type 051C (Luzhou) class destroyer also possesses less advanced steam turbine propulsion compared to gas turbine propulsion present in all newer Chinese destroyers.

General characteristics
Displacement:	7,100 tons
Length:	508.5 feet (155metres)
Beam:	55.8 feet (17metres)
Draught:	19.7 feet (6metres)
Propulsion:	2 indigenous steam turbines
Armament:	48 x S-300FM (SA-N-6) surface-to-air missiles (6 x 8 revolver-style VLS) possibily S-400 8 x YJ-83 (C-803) anti-ship missiles 8 HN-2 long range land attack cruise missiles. 1 x 100 mm dual purpose gun 2 x Type 730 30 mm seven-barrel Gatling gun close-in weapons systems 6 x torpedo launchers
Aircraft carried:	Kamov Ka-28 Helix size Helicopter
Aviation facilities:	No hangar

The Type 051C (Luzhou) class destroyer utilizes the advanced Russian S-300FM air defense missile system with track-via-missile homing guided by a single Tombstone radar. The missile has a maximum range of 150 km and an operating altitude of 10 m - 27 km.

The anti-ship abilities possessed by the Type 051C (Luzhou) class destroyer includes 8 indigenous YJ-83 Anti-ship missiles. This anti-ship missile has a range of 150+ km and approaches its target in sea skimming mode at a speed of 1.5 Mach. As a secondary role, the missile can also be used against land targets.

The Type 051C (Luzhou) class destroyer uses two Type 730 CIWS guns for air defense. The Type 730 is a highly effective CIWS that is also installed on the Type 052B (Guangzhou class) and Type 052C destroyers, and the new Type 054A (Jiangkai II class) frigates. The ship also has 100 mm gun based on a French design for use against surface targets.

Iroquois Class Destroyer Canadian Navy

Iroquois-class destroyers, also known as Tribal class, are a class of four helicopter-carrying, guided missile destroyers of the Canadian Forces. Launched in the 1970s, they were originally fitted out for anti-submarine warfare, but a major upgrade programme in the 1990s overhauled them for area-wide anti-aircraft. HMCS Huron was paid off and later sunk in a live-fire exercise, leaving three ships in the class. Except for the Swedish Spica class fast attack craft, the Iroquois-class destroyers were the first military ship design to employ gas turbines exclusively, using two turbines for cruise power, and another two fast starting "boost" turbines for speeds of up to 29 knots (such an arrangement is known as COmbined Gas Or Gas, or COGOG). The design was highly influential, and had a major impact on the design of the US Navy's first modern post-war destroyers, the Spruance-class.

HMCS Algonquin (DDH 283)
Iroquois Class Destroyer overview
Name:	Iroquois-class destroyer
Builders:	Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel Davie Shipbuilding, Lauzon
Operators:	Canadian Forces Maritime Command
Preceded by:	Annapolis-class destroyer
Succeeded by:	Canadian Single Class Surface Combatant
In commission:	29 July 1972
Completed:	4
Active:	Iroquois, Athabaskan, Algonquin
Retired:	Huron
General characteristics
Displacement:	5,100 t (5,100.0 t)
Length:	129.8 m (425.9 ft)
Beam:	15.2 m (49.9 ft)
Draught:	4.7 m (15.4 ft)
Propulsion:	COGOG - 2 shaft 2 x Allison 570-KF cruise gas turbines (5.6 MW) 2 x Pratt & Whitney FT4A-2 boost gas turbines (37 MW)
Speed:	29 kn (53.7 km/h)
Range:	4,500 nmi (8,334.0 km)
Complement:	280
Sensors and processing systems:	Signaal AN/SPQ 501 DA-08 radar Signaal LW-08 AN/SPQ 502 radar SQS-510 hull sonar SQS-510 VDS sonar
Armament:	32 x VLS, Standard SM-2MR Block IIIA SAMs 1 x 76 mm/62 OTO Melara 6 x 12.75 in tubes firing Mark-46 Mod 5 torpedoes 1 x Phalanx CIWS (Block 1) 2 x M2 Browning machine guns
Aircraft carried:	2 x CH-124 Sea King helicopters

The Iroquois-class destroyers were originally intended for long-range anti-submarine warfare. Their primary weapon for this role was their complement of two CH-124 Sea King helicopters, which could be launched in even high sea states due to their "bear trap" winch system. The Iroquois-class destroyers included a hangar that provided an enclosed working space for both helicopters at the same time. The helicopters were backed up by two triple-mount torpedo launchers firing Mk.44 and Mk.46 Mod 5 torpedoes and a Limbo Mark 10 depth charge mortar. The use of large helicopters on destroyer-sized ships makes an interesting contrast to the approach favoured by most navies of the time. Where the Canadian ship design has effectively turned half the ship into a helicoper platform most navies followed the approach of the Royal Navy, which only needed to make minor modifications to existing ships to accomodate their small Westland Wasp type helicopters. The advantages of the Canadian approach are two-fold: They allow for multiple helciopters aboard one ship and allow for far more capable helicopters to be used: The CH-124 Sea King can effectively operate on its own, whereas the Westland Wasp was not much more than a remote weapons platform that needed the sensors of the mothership to find its target. The larger size of the Canadian helicopters also allows for flight operations in heavier weather. The disadvantage of course is the sacrifice of a significant part of the ships own abilities to accomodate the larger helicopters.

For other duties the Iroquois-class destroyers also mounted a Otobreda 127/54 Compact 5" multi-purpose gun and two four-round Sea Sparrow launchers for point anti-aircraft defence. The two four-round missile batteries were located in a protected box on the deck just in front of the bridge area. For firing, the box opened and the battery extended to the sides, requiring some time for them to unlimber.

The Iroquois-class destroyers were powered primarily by two Pratt & Whitney FT12-AH3 of 7,400 shp each, backed up by two more FT4-A2 gas turbines of 50,000 shp each for boost. The power from these turbines was used to run the twin shafts through a series of helical gears. One unique feature was the distinctive Y-shaped "Playboy Bunny" funnels, which were designed to exit the exhaust gasses to either side of the helicopter deck.

The ships were 425 × 50 × 14 feet (129.8 × 15.2 × 4.4 metres) and 4,700 tons displacement. The normal crew complement was 285.

Delhi Class Destroyer, Indian Navy Battleship

The Delhi class destroyers are guided-missile destroyers of the Indian Navy. Three ships of this class are in active service. The Delhi class vessels are the largest warships to be fully designed built in India, although they will soon be superseded by the Kolkata class destroyers and the Vikrant class aircraft carriers. They were built at Mazagon Dock Limited in Mumbai.

Class overview
Name:	Delhi class
Builders:	Mazagon Dock Limited, India
Operators:	Indian Navy
Preceded by:	Rajput class
Succeeded by:	Kolkata class
Planned:	3
Completed:	3
Active:	3
General characteristics
Type:	Guided-missile destroyer
Displacement:	6,200 tons (full load)
Length:	163 metres (530 ft)
Beam:	17.4 metres (57 ft)
Draught:	6.5 metres (21 ft)
Propulsion:	2 x M36E gas turbine plants; 2 shafts; 4 x DT-59 reversible gas turbines; 2 G-54 gearboxes; 64,000 shp
Speed:	28 knots (52 km/h)+
Range:	5,000 miles (8,000 km)
Complement:	350 (incl 40 officers)
Sensors and processing systems:	1 x MR-775 Fregat MAE air search radar 1 x Bharat RAWL (Dutch Signaal LW08) surface search radar 3 x MR-212/201 Vaygach-U (NATO: Palm Frond) navigation radars, JRC SATCOM 1 x Bharat APSOH or HUMSA sonar 1 x Garden Reach Model 15-750 variable depth sonar or 1 x Thales ATAS
Armament:	16 x Kh-35 Switchblade (SS-N-25) SSM(4 x quadruple KT-184 launchers) 32 x Barak SAM(4 x 8 cell VLS units) 2 x Shtil SAM systems 1 x 100 mm AK-100 gun 2 x 30 mm AK-630 gatling guns 2 x RBU-6000 Anti-submarine mortar arrays 5 x 10-21 inch torpedo tubes
Aircraft carried:	2 x Sea King helicopters

The Delhi class destroyers has both Soviet and Western design influences, incorporating elements of the Sovremenny class destroyer, the Rajput class (Kashin-II) destroyer, and the Godavari class frigate.

The Delhi class destroyers are fully fitted with flag facilities. The Delhi class is also capable of operating in a NBC environment. Radar cross-section reduction is presumed to be minimal, to the extent that some sharp angles have been flattened.

In the main air defense role, a pair of 2 3S-90 launchers - one installed forward of the bridge and the other atop the dual helicopter hangar - are fitted with the Shtil SAM system. The Shtil system consists of the Russian Shtil missile and 24 such missiles are carried in a below-decks magazine. The launchers elevate up to 70º but have a limited firing arc of 30º within the centreline. The launcher groups require a crew of 20 men and weigh about 50 tons.

The Delhi class destroyers Indian Navy is being upgraded with the Rafael Barak point air defense missile system, which overcomes the limited firing arc of the Shtil system. It has an eight-cell vertical launch system and the missile command-to-line-of-sight (CLOS) radar guidance with a range from 500m to 10 km. The missile's maximum range is 32 km. The ship has a surveillance capacity of over 350 km and can sterilise an area of 250 km.

The Delhi class destroyers Indian Navy also have a quadruple 533mm torpedo launcher, which can also be used to launch SS-N-15 'Starfish' or possibly SS-N-16 'Stallion' ASW missiles, so is capable of hitting targets ranging from 50 km to 120 km. It is also equipped with two RBU-6000 anti-submarine rocket launchers with 12 tubes. Their range is 6 km and the maximum engagement depth is 500m.

EachThe Delhi class destroyers Indian Navy can support two helicopters, the Sea King or the HAL Dhruv. The Sea King helicopters are equipped with a Super Searcher radar and primarily used in air surveillance and anti-submarine roles. The helicopters are capable of flying four and half hours non-stop. The HAL Dhruv helicopters are primarily for utility roles. The INS Delhi has a crew of approximately 30 officers and 350 sailors.

The ships are equipped with four chaff launch systems and the BEL Ajanta radar interceptor. The TQN-2 jamming system is supplied by the Italian company, Elettronica. The ship's hull mounted active search sonar capability is based on the TSM2633 by Thales Underwater Systems or the APSOH by Bharat. The Delhi Class also has a variable depth sonar, Model 15-750 developed and manufactured in India by Indal and Garden Reach.