M51 SLBM, French Navy submarine-launched ballistic missile

The M51 SLBM is a submarine-launched ballistic missile, built by EADS Astrium Space Transportation, and deployed with the French Navy. Designed to replace the M45 SLBM (In French terminology the MSBS - Mer-Sol-Balistique-Stratégique “Sea-ground-Strategic ballistic”, it was first deployed in 2010.

Each missile carries six to ten independently targetable TN 75 thermonuclear warheads.

The three-stage engine of the M51 is directly derived from the solid propellant boosters of Ariane 5.

The missiles are a compromise over the M5 SLBM design, which is to have a range of 11,000 km (6,200 miles) and carry 10 TNO MIRV of the new generation (Tête Nucléaire Océanique, “Oceanic nuclear warhead”). The M51 will enter service in 2010.

The M51 performed its first flight test (unarmed) on 9 November 2006 from the French missile flight test centre in Biscarrosse (Landes). The target was reached twenty minutes later, in the north-west of the Atlantic Ocean.

A second and third successful test were carried out on 21 June 2007 and 13 November 2008.

On 27 January 2010, at 9h25, a missile was launched underwater by the Terrible, from Audierne Bay. The missile reached its target 2000 kilometres off South Carolina; the 4500 kilometre flight took about 20 minutes.

The 10 July 2010 test validated the Triomphant class submarine capacity to launch a M51 in operational conditions.

M51 SLBM
Type	SLBM
Service history
In service	27 september 2010
Production history
Manufacturer	EADS Astrium Space Transportation
Unit cost	4 billion Euro for the programme
Specifications
Weight	52,000 kg
Length	12.0 m
Diameter	2.3 m
Warhead	M51.1 = 6 to 10 TN 75 MIRV using the 100 kt of TNT (420 TJ), with penetration aids. M51.2 (2015) = using the new Tête Nucléaire Océanique
Engine	three stage solid propellant
Operational range	>10000 km
Speed	Mach 25
Guidance system	Inertial & star positioning
Launch platform	Triomphant class submarines

UGM-133 Trident II

UGM-133 Trident II, or Trident D5 is a submarine-launched ballistic missile, built by Lockheed Martin Space Systems in Sunnyvale, California, and deployed with the Royal Navy and US Navy. It was first deployed in 1990, and is still in service.

UGM-133 Trident II was designed to be more sophisticated than Trident I, and have a greater payload capacity. It is accurate enough to be used as a first strike weapon. All three stages of the Trident II are made of graphite epoxy, making the missile much lighter. Trident II missiles are carried by British Vanguard class and US Ohio class submarines. USS Tennessee was the first submarine to be armed with Trident IIs. Trident II missiles are currently carried by fourteen Ohio class, and four Vanguard class SSBNs. There were 134 consecutive successful test launches of the D5 missile since 1989 with the most recent being carried out on the 7th and 8 June 2010 from USS Maryland (SSBN-738).

The development contract for UGM-133 Trident II was issued in October 1983. The first Trident II launch occurred in January 1987, and the first submarine launch was attempted by USS Tennessee (SSBN-734, the first D-5 ship of the Ohio class) in March 1989. The launch attempt failed because the plume of water following the missile rose to greater height than expected, resulting in water being in the nozzle when the motor ignited. Once the problem was understood relatively simple changes were very quickly made but the problem delayed the IOC (Initial Operational Capability) of Trident II until March 1990.

Specifications of UGM-133 Trident II

• Purpose: strategic nuclear deterrence
• Unit Cost: US$30.9 million
• Range: 11,300 kilometres (7,000 mi)
• Maximum speed: > 6,000 m/s (>21,000 km/h, >13,422 mph).
• Guidance system: inertial, with Star-Sighting, GPS experiments done. but not deployed.
• CEP: Requirement...90–120 m (300–400 ft) That demonstrated by flight tests is significantly better.
• Warhead (in USA usage only): nuclear MIRV. Up to eight W88 (475 kt) warheads (Mark 5) or eight W76 (100 kt) warheads (Mark 4). The Trident II can carry 12 MIRV warheads but START I reduces this to 8 and SORT reduces this yet further to 4 or 5.

UGM-133 Trident II

Function	SLBM
Manufacturer	Lockheed Martin Space Systems
Size
Height	13.41 metres (44.0 ft)
Diameter	2.11 metres (83 in)
Mass	58,500 kilograms (129,000 lb)
Stages	3
Launch history
Status	Active
Launch sites	LC-46, Cape Canaveral Ohio class submarines Vanguard class submarines
Maiden flight	1987-01-15

Arihant Class Submarine - Indian Navy ballistic missile submarines

The Arihant class submarines ("Slayer of Enemies") are nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines, being developed for the Indian Navy. The INS Arihant was introduced to the public on July 26, 2009 at a symbolic launch ceremony, which consisted of floating it by flooding the dry dock. The Arihant class is India's first indigenously designed and built submarine. The class is expected to consist of four vessels to be in commission with the Indian Navy by 2015, with a further four vessels planned to follow on. The Arihant class vessels were designed as a part of India's US$2.9 billion project to design and build nuclear-powered submarines.

The Arihant class submarines similar to the Russian Charlie-II class submarine, which India leased from the Soviet Union between 1988 and 1991. Personnel will have the opportunity to train on a Akula-II class nuclear attack submarine it will lease from Russia sometime in the second quarter of 2010. It is conjectured that India may have struck deal for the supply of two of these submarines with an option to purchase them in the future.

Arihant Class Submarine overview
Name:	Arihant
Builders:	Shipbuilding Centre (SBC), Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Operators:	Indian Navy
Succeeded by:	Arihant follow-on submarine
In commission:	2011- (est.)
Building:	4
Planned:	4
General characteristics
Type:	Ballistic missile submarine
Displacement:	6,000 tons
Length:	112 m (367 ft)
Beam:	15 m (49 ft) (Est.)
Draft:	10 m (33 ft) (Est.)
Propulsion:	85MW PWR using 40% enriched uranium fuel; 1 turbine (47,000hp/70MW); 1 shaft; 1 7-bladed, high-skew propeller
Speed:	12–15 knots (22–28 km/h) (surfaced); 24 knots (44 km/h) (submerged)
Range:	unlimited except by food supplies
Test depth:	300 m (980 ft) (est)
Complement:	95
Sensors and processing systems:	USHUS Sonar
Armament:	Torpedoes: 6 21" (533mm) torpedo tubes - est. 30 charges (torpedoes, missiles or mines) SLBM - 4 launch tubes (each with 2.4 meter diameter) 12 x K15 SLBM (3 in each launch tube) or 4 x K-4 SLBM (Under development)

The Arihant class submarines may possibly be armed with the existing 750 km K-15 Sagarika SLBM or the under-development K-4, an SLBM version of Agni-III.

Although it was widely speculated, the submarine does not sport either a "bulb" like towed array sonar, or a low blended sail. The glimpses of the submarine provided to the media seems to indicate a design with a blended hump behind the sail for the vertical launchers.

The Arihant class submarines hull features twin flank-array sonars and Rafael broadband expendable anti-torpedo countermeasures. The UPA government's report card carried an image of INS Arihant, which provided the first glimpse of the complete sub.

Type 092 Class Submarine

The 6,500-ton Type 092 class submarine Daqingyu (Xia-class, Chinese designation 09-II) submarine was the first ballistic missile-carrying of People's Liberation Army Navy, nuclear-powered submarine class (SSBN) deployed by the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy, and the first SSBN designed and built in Asia. She was designed by Peng Shilu and Huang Xuhua, and derived from the Han-Class SSNs, with an extended hull to accommodate four missile tubes.

The first Changzheng 6 of its class was laid down in 1978 at Huludao 120 miles North-East of Beijing; she was completed in 1981. She then spent 6 years being fitted out and conducting tests with its 12 JL-1 (CSS-N-3) missiles, becoming active in 1987. Later, the submarine went through numerous upgrades in incremental step, including using Type H/SQ2-262B sonar manufactured by No. 613 Factory replacing the original Type 604 sonar on board.

The 092 has undergone numerous refits, currently featuring a new black paint, possible quieting technologies, French designed sonar, and the improved longer ranged JL-1A SLBM. It is reported that the 092 has not sailed beyond Chinese regional waters. One of the two Xias built was reported lost during an accident.

The Xia is aging however and a new Ballistic Missile Submarine design is in the works for the People's Liberation Army Navy. The US Defense Intelligence Agency lists the Xia-Class as being "Not Operational." While its capability is still being questioned, Xia made its world wide debut on April 23rd, 2009 celebrating the 60th anniversary of PLA Navy's founding

The 092 class are homeported in Jianggezhuang near Qingdao.

Type 092 Class Submarine overview
Builders:	Huludao Shipyard
Operators:	People's Liberation Army Navy
Succeeded by:	Type 094 (Jin class)
In service:	1981
Completed:	2
Active:	1
Lost:	1
General characteristics
Displacement:	6,500 tons, 7,000 tons submerged.
Length:	120 m
Beam:	10 m
Draught:	8 m
Propulsion:	1 × pressurized-water nuclear reactor, 58MW; 2 × steam turbines; 1 shaft.
Speed:	22 kts
Range:	Unlimited
Test depth:	300 m
Complement:	100
Armament:	6 × 533 mm torpedo tubes (bow); missiles - 12 JL-1A SLBMs.

Triomphant Class Submarine, French Navy ballistic missile submarines

The Triomphant class submarine is ballistic missile submarines of the French Navy is the active class of four boats that entered service in 1997, 1999, 2004, and 2010. These four supersede the older Redoutable-class, and they provide the ocean-based component (the Force Océanique Stratégique in French) of the French Force de Frappe - its nuclear deterrent strike force.

The first three boats are all armed with the French-produced and armed M45 intermediate-range missile, and the fourth vessel Terrible, has tested and is equipped with the more advanced M51 missile. Each of the first three boats are to be retrofitted to the M51 missile standard, starting with Vigilant in Winter 2010, then Triomphant and lasting with Téméraire in 2018.

SNLE-NG

In French, Triomphant class submarine called Sous-Marin Nucléaire Lanceur d'Engins de Nouvelle Génération ("SNLE-NG, literally "Device-launching nuclear-powered submarine of the new generation"). They have replaced all of the Redoutable-class boats, with the last of those six boats being decommissioned in 2008. These submarines carry 16 Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile launching tubes apiece.

This class reportedly produces approximately 1/1000 of the detectable noise of the Redoutable-class boats (submarines), and they are ten times more sensitive in detecting other submarines. Initially armed with the 45 missile, they are designed to carry the new M51 missile, which entered active service in 2010. As of October 2010, an M51 has been test-fired from one of these submarines across the Atlantic Ocean from near France to the west, and is equipped on the Terrible.

These boats were all constructed by the DCNS, and they carry an armament of 16 M45 SLBM or M51 SLBM missiles manufactured by the Aerospatiale company (now EADS Astrium Space Transportation.), plus conventional torpedoes and Exocet anti-ship missiles.

List of submarines

The French Navy's goal is to operate a force of four ballistic missile submarines (comparable with the Royal Navy's Vanguard-class submarines, of which two of the French boats are expected to be on patrol at any given time.

• Triomphant : Construction began on 9 June 1989; she was launched on 26 March 1994, and entered active service on 21 March 1997.
• Téméraire : Construction began on 18 December 1993; she was launched on 21 January 1998, and entered active service on 23 December 1999.
• Vigilant : Construction began in 1997; she was launched on 19 September 2003, and entered active service on 26 November 2004.
• Terrible : Construction began on 24 October 2000; she was launched on 21 March 2008, and entered active service on 20 September 2010.

Triomphant Class Submarine overview
Name:	Triomphant
Builders:	DCNS
Operators:	French Navy
Preceded by:	Redoutable
Building:	0
Planned:	4
Completed:	4
Active:	4
Laid up:	0
Lost:	0
Retired:	0
General characteristics
Type:	ballistic missile submarine
Displacement:	12,640 tonne (surfaced) 14,335 tonne (submerged)
Length:	138 m
Beam:	12.50 m
Draught:	10.60 m
Propulsion:	K15 pressurised water reactor (150 MW), turboreductor system, Pump-jet two diesel-powered generators SEMT Pielstick 8PA4V200 SM (700 kW) auxiliaries. 30,500 kW
Speed:	over 25 knots (46 km/h)
Range:	Essentially unlimited distance; 20 years
Test depth:	Over 400 metres
Complement:	15 officers 96 sailors
Sensors and processing systems:	Sonar DMUX 80 Sonar DUUX 5 Sonar DSUV 61B Very Low Frequency Racal Decca radar (navigation) SCC : SET (Système d'exploitation Tactique) : tactical operational system
Electronic warfare and decoys:	ARUR 13
Armament:	Nuclear : 16 M45 SLBM or M51 SLBM missiles with TN 75 warheads four 533 mm (21-inch) torpedo tubes for F17 torpedoes and Exocet SM39 anti-ship missiles, launchable while submerged
Notes:	boats in the class include: Triomphant (S 616), Téméraire (S 617) , Vigilant (S 618), Terrible (S 619)

Vanguard Class Submarine, Royal Navy Ballistic missile submarine

The Vanguard class submarine are the Royal Navy's current nuclear ballistic missile submarines (Ship Submersible Ballistic Nuclear or SSBN), each armed with up to 16 Trident II Submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs). The class was introduced in 1994 as part of the UK government's Trident nuclear weapons programme.

The class includes four boats: Vanguard, Victorious, Vigilant, and Vengeance, all built at Barrow-in-Furness by Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd between 1986 and 1999.

All four boats are based at HM Naval Base Clyde (HMS Neptune), 40 km (25 miles) west of Glasgow, Scotland. Since the decommissioning of all WE.177 free-fall nuclear bombs in 1998, and the removal of all nuclear weapons from the British Army, the Royal Air Force, and all surface ships of the Royal Navy, the Vanguard submarines' Trident SLBM system is the sole holder of the United Kingdom's.

Vanguards class submarine Design

The Vanguard class submarine were designed from the outset as an unlimited-range nuclear powered ballistic missile submarine, unlike the previous Resolution class which was adapted from the then existing Valiant class and the American Lafayette class of nuclear powered fleet ballistic missile submarines (SSBN in US terms). At 149.9 metres (492 ft) long and 15,980 tonnes (15,730 long tons) submerged displacement the Vanguards are roughly twice the size of the Resolutions, and are the third largest submarines ever built, by displacement when surfaced, after the Soviet Typhoon and American Ohio classes. The great increase in size is largely related to the much larger size of the Trident D-5 missile as compared to Polaris.

The Vanguard class submarine were designed and built at Barrow-in-Furness by Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Limited (VSEL), now BAE Systems Submarine Solutions. The Devonshire Dock Hall was built specifically to build these submarines. The missile compartment is based on the system used on the Ohio class, though only 16 missiles are carried rather than the 24 of the Ohio.

In addition to the missile tubes the Vanguard class is fitted with four 21-inch (53 cm) torpedo tubes and carries the Spearfish heavyweight torpedo, allowing it to engage submerged or surface targets at ranges up to 65 kilometres (40 mi; 35 nmi). Two SSE Mark 10 launchers are also fitted to allow the boats to deploy Type 2066 and Type 2071 decoys, and a UAP Mark 3 electronic support measures (ESM) intercept system is fitted.

HMS Vanguard, Victorious, Vigilant and Vengeance were commissioned in 1993, 1995, 1996 and 2000 respectively.

Sensors

Vanguard class submarine carries the Thales Underwater Systems Type 2054 composite sonar. The Type 2054 is a multi-mode, multi-frequency system, which incorporates the 2046, 2043 and 2082 sonars. The fleet is in the process of having their sonars refitted to include open architecture processing using commercial off the shelf technology.

A Type 2043 hull-mounted active/passive search sonar is also carried, as is a Type 2082 passive intercept and ranging sonar. Finally a Type 2046 towed array is carried. This operates at very low frequency, giving a passive search capability.

Two periscopes are carried, a CK51 search model and a CH91 attack model. Both have a TV camera and thermal imaging camera as well as conventional optics.

A Type 1007 I-band navigation radar is also carried.

Command system

A specialised Submarine Command System (SMCS) was originally developed for the Vanguard boats and was later used on other Royal Navy submarines.

Propulsion

A new pressurised water reactor, the PWR 2, was designed for the Vanguard class. This has double the service life of previous models, and it is estimated that a Vanguard class submarine could circumnavigate the world 40 times without refuelling. This should allow the class to carry out their entire service life without the need for expensive refuelling. The reactor drives two GEC turbines linked to a single shaft pump jet propulsor. This propulsion system gives the Vanguards a maximum submerged speed of 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph). Auxiliary power requirements are provided by a pair of 6MW Steam-turbine generators supplied by WH Allen, (later known as NEI Allen, Allen Power & Rolls-Royce) with two Paxman diesel alternators for provision of backup power supply.

History

The Trident II D-5 achieved an initial operational capability with the U.S. Navy in March 1990. Following launch and commissioning the vessels deployed on Demonstration and Shakedown Operations (DASOs). The major part of this was the test firing of Trident missiles at the United States' SLBM Launch Area, Eastern Test Range, Cape Canaveral, off the coast of Florida (see table below).

Table 1 Vanguard class—significant dates

Name	Launched	Commissioned	Test launch 1	Test launch 2	Maiden patrol
HMS Vanguard (S28)	March 4, 1992	August 14 1993	May 26, 1994	June 20, 1994	December 1994
HMS Victorious (S29)	September 29 1993	January, 7 1995	July 24, 1995	August 22, 1995	December 1995
HMS Vigilant (S30)	October 14, 1995	November 2, 1996	October 10, 1997	October 10, 1997	June 1998
HMS Vengeance (S31)	September 19, 1998	November, 27 1999	September 21, 2000	N/A	February 2001

Replacement

A decision on the replacement of Trident was made on the 4 December, 2006. Then-Prime Minister Tony Blair told MPs it would be "unwise and dangerous" for the UK to give up its nuclear weapons. He outlined plans to spend up to £20 billion on a new generation of submarines for Trident missiles. He said submarine numbers may be cut from four to three, while the number of nuclear warheads would be cut by 20 percent to 160. Blair said although the Cold War had ended, the UK needed nuclear weapons, as no-one could be sure another nuclear threat would not emerge in the future.

The 2006 white paper stated that the option of reducing the Trident carrying submarine fleet from four to three submarines, as part of plans to cut costs and to promote nuclear disarmament, would be considered. On 23 September, 2009, Prime Minister Gordon Brown confirmed that this reduction to three submarines was still under consideration.

Vanguard Class Sumarine overview
Builders:	Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd, Barrow-in-Furness
Operators:	Royal Navy
Preceded by:	Resolution class
Succeeded by:	N/A
In service:	1993 -
Completed:	4
Active:	Vanguard Victorious Vigilant Vengeance
General characteristics
Displacement:	Dived: 15,680 long tons (17,560 short tons)
Length:	149.9 m (491 ft 10 in)
Beam:	12.8 m (42 ft 0 in)
Draught:	12 m (39 ft 4 in)
Propulsion:	1 × Rolls-Royce PWR2 nuclear reactor 2 × GEC turbines 1 × shaft pump jet 27,500 hp (20.5 MW) 2 × auxiliary retractable propulsion motors 2 × W H Allen turbo generators 6 MW 2 × Paxman diesel alternators 2 × 2,700 hp (4 MW)
Speed:	Dived: 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph)
Range:	Essentially unlimited distance; 20 years
Complement:	14 officers 121 enlisted
Sensors and processing systems:	BAE Systems SMCS Thales Underwater Systems Type 2054 composite sonar suite comprising: Type 2046 towed array sonar Type 2043 hull-mounted active and passive search sonar Type 2082 passive intercept and ranging sonar 1 × Kelvin Hughes Type 1007 I band navigation radar 1 × Pilkington Optronics CK51 search periscope 1 × Pilkington Optronics CH91 attack periscope
Armament:	4 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes for Spearfish torpedoes 16 × ballistic missile tubes for 16 x Lockheed Trident D5 SLBMs carrying up to 128 warheads

Typhoon Class Submarine, Russian ballistic missile submarine

The Project 941 or Akula, Russian "Акула" ("Shark") class submarine (NATO name: Typhoon) is a type of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine deployed by the Soviet Navy in the 1980s. With a maximum displacement of 33,800 tons, the Typhoons are the largest class of submarine ever built, large enough to accommodate decent living facilities for the crew when submerged for months on end. The source of the NATO reporting name remains unclear, although it is often claimed to be related to the use of the word "Typhoon" ("Тайфун") by Leonid Brezhnev in a 1974 speech while describing a new type of nuclear ballistic missile submarine. Soviet doctrine for these vessels was to have them launch SLBMs while submerged under the arctic ice, avoiding the traversal of the GIUK gap to remain safe from the enemy attack submarines and anti-submarine forces. Technically Typhoons were also able to successfully deploy their long-range nuclear missiles while moored at their docks.

Typhoon submarines are among the quietest Russian sea vessels in operation, being quieter and yet more maneuverable than their predecessors. Besides their missile armament, the Typhoon class features six torpedo tubes; four are designed to handle RPK-2 (SS-N-15) missiles or Type 53 torpedoes, and the other two are designed to launch RPK-7 (SS-N-16) missiles, Type 65 torpedoes, or mines. A Typhoon class submarine can stay submerged for periods up to 180 days in normal conditions, and potentially more if deemed necessary (e.g., in the case of a nuclear war). Their primary weapons system is composed of 20 R-39 (NATO: SS-N-20) ballistic missiles (SLBM) with a maximum of 10 MIRV nuclear warheads each.

Typhoon class submarines feature multiple pressure hulls that simplify internal design while making the vessel much wider than a normal submarine. In the main body of the sub, two Delta class pressure hulls lie parallel with a third, smaller pressure hull above them (which protrudes just below the sail), and two other pressure hulls for torpedoes and steering gear. This also greatly increases their survivability - even if one pressure hull is breached, the crew members in the other are safe and there is less potential for flooding.

Variants

Typhoon-based cargo vessel

The Submarine Cargo Vessel is a proposed idea by the Rubin Design Bureau where a Typhoon has its missile launchers removed and replaced with cargo holds. The projected cargo capacity of this configuration is 15,000 tonnes (15,000 long tons).

Typhoon class submarine Units

#	Laid down	Launched	Commissioned	Status
TK-208 Dmitriy Donskoy	June 30, 1976	September 27, 1980	December 29, 1981	In service. Upgraded to project 941UM for use of Bulava missiles
TK-202	April 22, 1978	September 23, 1982	December 28, 1983	Withdrawn from active service in June 1999, scrapped 2003-2005
TK-12,Simbirsk	April 19, 1980	December 17, 1983	December 26, 1984	Withdrawn from active service in 1996, scrapped 2006-2008
TK-13	February 23, 1982	April 30, 1985	December 26, 1985	Withdrawn from active service in 1997, scrapped 2007-2009
TK-17 Arkhangelsk	August 9, 1983	December 12, 1986	December 15, 1987	In reserve from 2006, main armament inactive.
TK-20 Severstal	August 27, 1985	April 11, 1988	December 19, 1989	In reserve from 2004, main armament inactive.
TK-210	1986	1990 (scrapped on the ways)

834 TK 208 Dmitriy Donskoy

Typhoon-#1

• 9 February 1982: Entered 18th division (Zapadnaya Litsa), NOR.
• December 1982: Transferred from Severodvinsk to Zapadnaya Litsa.
• 1983-1984: Tests of D-19 missile complex. Commanders: A.V.Olkhovikov (1980–1984).
• 3 December 1986: Entered Navy Board of the Winners of the Socialist Competition.
• 18 January 1987: Entered MoD Board of Glory.
• 20 September 1989–1991: Repairs and refit at Sevmash to Project 941U. 1991 refit cancelled.
• 1996: Returned to 941U refit.
• 2002: Named Dmitriy Donskoy.
• 26 June 2002: End of refit.
• 30 June 2002: Start of testing.
• 26 July 2002: Entered sea trials, Re-entered fleet, without missile system.
• December 2003: Sea trials; refitted to carry a new Bulava missile system. New missile system expected to be operational by 2005.
• 9 October 2005: Successfully launched SS-NX-30 Bulava SLBM from surface.
• 21 December 2005: Successfully launched SS-NX-30 Bulava SLBM from submerged position on move.
• 7 September 2006: Test launch of the Bulava missile failed after several minutes in flight due to the problems in the flight control system. The missile fell into the sea about a minute after the launch. The sub was not affected and was returning to Severodvinsk base submerged. Later reports blamed the engine of the first stage for the failure.
• 25 October 2006: Test launch of the Bulava-M missile in the White Sea failed some 200 seconds after liftoff due to the apparent failure of the flight control system.
• 28 August 2008: Undergone successful testing at the Sevmash shipyard in Severodvinsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast. More than 170 men are currently working with the Dmitriy Donskoy, hundred of them employees at the Sevmash plant and 70 from other involved companies.

830 TK 17 Arkhangelsk

Typhoon-#5

• 19 February 1988: Entered 18th division (Zapadnaya Litsa) NOR.
• 8 January–9 November 2002: Refit at Sevmash.
• In July 2002, crew petitioned Main Navy Headquarters to adopt the name Arkhangel'sk (renamed on 18 November 2002).
• Commander: 2002-2003 V.Volkov.
• 17 February 2004: Took part in military exercises with President Vladimir Putin aboard.
• Could be modified to carry cruise missiles or to lay mines, or could be used in special operations.

TK 20 Severstal

Typhoon-#6

• 28 February 1990: Entered 18th division (Zapadnaya Litsa), NOR.
• 25 August 1996: Successfully launched SLBM
• November 1996: Successfully launched SLBM from North Pole.
• 24 July 1999: Took part in parade on Navy Day in Severomorsk, NOR.
• November–December 1999 - distant cruise.
• 2001: named to Severstal.
• June 2001–December 2002: Repairs at Sevmash.
• Commander: A.Bogachev (2001).

Class overview
Name:	Akula (Акула) (NATO: Typhoon)
Builders:	Rubin Design Bureau
Operators:	Soviet Navy Russian Navy
Preceded by:	Delta class submarine
Succeeded by:	Borei class submarine
In commission:	December 12, 1981
Completed:	6
Active:	1
Scrapped:	3
Preserved:	2
General characteristics
Type:	Ballistic missile submarine
Displacement:	23,200–24,500 t (22,830–24,110 long tons) surfaced 33,800–48,000 t (33,270–47,240 long tons) submerged
Length:	175 m (574 ft 2 in)
Beam:	23 m (75 ft 6 in)
Draught:	12 m (39 ft 4 in)
Propulsion:	2 × OK-650 pressurized-water nuclear reactors, 190 MW (254,800 hp) each 2 × VV-type steam turbines, 37 MW (49,600 hp) each 2 shafts 7 bladed shrouded screws
Speed:	22.22 knots (41.15 km/h; 25.57 mph) surfaced 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph) submerged
Endurance:	180 days submerged
Test depth:	400 m (1,300 ft)
Complement:	163
Armament:	1 × 9K38 Igla SAM 2 × 650 mm (26 in) torpedo tubes • RPK-7 Vodopad AShMs • Type 65K torpedoes 4 × 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes • RPK-2 Viyuga cruise missiles • Type 53 torpedoes[1] D-19 launch system • 20 × RSM-52 SLBMs
Notes:	Ships in class include: TK-208 TK-202 TK-12 TK-13 TK-17 TK-20 TK-210

Ohio Class Submarine - US Navy Ballistic missile submarine

The Ohio class submarine is a class of nuclear-powered submarines used by the United States Navy. The United States has 18 Ohio-class submarines:

• 14 nuclear-powered SSBNs (ballistic missile submarines), each armed with up to 24 Trident II SLBMs; they are also known as "Trident" submarines, and provide the sea-based leg of the nuclear triad of the United States strategic nuclear weapons arsenal
• 4 nuclear-powered SSGNs (cruise missile submarines), each capable of carrying 154 Tomahawk cruise missiles with either conventional or nuclear warheads

The Ohio class submarine is named after the lead submarine of this class, the USS Ohio (SSGN-726) formerly designated SSBN-726. The 14 Trident II SSBNs together carry approximately fifty percent of the total US strategic warhead inventory. The exact number varies in an unpredictable and classified manner, at or below a maximum set by various strategic arms limitation treaties. Although the missiles have no pre-set targets when the submarine goes on patrol, the platform, when required, is capable of rapid targeting using secure and constant at-sea communications links. The Ohio class is the largest type of submarine ever constructed for the U.S. Navy. Two Russian classes of submarines have larger total displacements: the Soviet-designed Typhoon class, which has more than twice the total displacement, and the Russian Federation's newest class of ballistic missile submarines, the highly advanced Borei class, which has roughly a 25% greater total displacement, but is shorter by 3 feet.

Ohio class submarine were specifically designed for extended deterrence patrols. Each submarine is complemented by two crews, Blue and Gold (standard practice for US FBMs), with each crew typically serving 70-90 day patrols. To decrease the time in port for crew turnover and replenishment, three large logistics hatches are fitted to provide large diameter resupply and repair openings. These hatches allow sailors to rapidly transfer supply pallets, equipment replacement modules, and machinery components, significantly reducing the time required for replenishment and maintenance. The class design allows the vessel to operate for over fifteen years between major overhauls. The boats are purported to be as quiet at their cruising speed of 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) as previous subs were at a dead crawl of 6 knots (11 km/h; 6.9 mph), although exact information remains classified.

Ohio class submarine were constructed from sections of hull, each 42 ft (13 m) in diameter, each divided into four decks. The sections were produced at Quonset Point, Rhode Island, and assembled by Electric Boat at Groton. Fire control for the Mark 48 torpedoes is by Mark 118 Mod 2 system,^[13] while the Missile Fire Control (MFC) system is a Mark 98.

Except for USS Henry M. Jackson (SSBN-730), the Ohio class submarines are named after states in the United States.

SSBN/SSGN conversions

After the end of the Cold War, plans called for Ohio class submarine to be retired in 2002, followed by three of her sisters. However, Ohio, Michigan, Florida and Georgia instead were slated for modification, to remain in service carrying conventionally-armed guided missiles, and were designated SSGNs.

Beginning in 2002 through 2010, 22 of the 24 88-inch (2.2 m) diameter Trident missile tubes were modified to contain large vertical launch systems (VLS), one configuration of which may be a cluster of seven Tomahawk cruise missiles. In this configuration, the number of cruise missiles carried could be a maximum of 154, the equivalent of what is typically deployed in a surface battle group. Other payload possibilities include new generations of supersonic and hypersonic cruise missiles, and Submarine Launched Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (SLIRBM), unmanned air vehicles (UAVs), the ADM-160 MALD, sensors for anti-submarine warfare or intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance missions, counter-mine warfare payloads such as the AN/BLQ-11 Long Term Mine Reconnaissance System (LMRS), and the broaching universal buoyant launcher (BUBL) and stealthy affordable capsule system (SACS) specialized payload canisters.

The missile tubes also have room for stowage canisters that can extend the forward deployment time for special forces. The other two Trident tubes are converted to swimmer lockout chambers. For special operations, the Advanced SEAL Delivery System and the Dry Deck Shelter can be mounted on the lockout chamber and the boat will be able to host up to 66 special operations sailors or Marines, such as Navy SEALs. Improved communications equipment installed during the upgrade allows the SSGNs to serve as a forward-deployed, clandestine Small Combatant Joint Command Center.

On 26 September 2002, the Navy awarded the Electric Boat company a $442.9 million contract to begin the first phase of the SSGN submarine conversion program. Those funds covered only the initial phase of conversion for the first two boats on the schedule. Advanced procurement was funded at $355 million in fiscal year 2002, $825 million in the FY 2003 budget and, through the five-year defense budget plan, at $936 million in FY 2004, $505 million in FY 2005, and $170 million in FY 2006. Thus, the total cost to refit the four boats is just under $700 million per vessel.

In November 2002, the USS Ohio entered drydock, beginning her 36-month refueling and missile conversion overhaul. Electric Boat announced on 9 January 2006 that the conversion had been completed. The converted Ohio rejoined the fleet in February 2006, followed by the USS Florida in April 2006. The converted USS Michigan was delivered in November 2006. The converted Ohio went to sea for the first time in October 2007. The Georgia returned to the fleet in March 2008 at Kings Bay. These four SSGNs are expected to remain in service until about 2023-2026.

Ohio Class Submarine overview
Name:	Ohio
Builders:	General Dynamics Electric Boat
Operators:	United States Navy
Preceded by:	Benjamin Franklin class
Built:	1976 – 1997
In commission:	1981 – present
Completed:	18
Active:	18
General characteristics
Type:	SSBN/SSGN (hull design SCB-304)
Displacement:	16,764 tonnes (16,499 long tons) surfaced 18,750 tonnes (18,450 long tons) submerged
Length:	560 ft (170 m)
Beam:	42 ft (13 m)
Draft:	35.5 ft (10.8 m) maximum
Propulsion:	1× S8G PWR nuclear reactor 2× geared turbines=60,000 shp (45 MW) Fairbanks Morse auxiliary diesel 1× 325 horsepower (242 kW) auxiliary motor 1 shaft with seven-bladed screw
Speed:	12 knots (14 mph; 22 km/h) surfaced +20 knots (23 mph; 37 km/h) submerged (official) 25 knots (29 mph; 46 km/h) submerged (reported)
Range:	Limited only by food supplies
Test depth:	+800 ft (240 m)
Crew:	15 officers 140 enlisted
Sensors and processing systems:	BQQ-6 passive bow-mounted array (which includes BQS-13 fire control array) •BQR-19 navigation •TB-16 or BQR-23 towed array •BQR-25 conformal array
Armament:	4× 21 in (53 cm) Mark 68 torpedo tubes (midships) SSBN-726 to SSBN-733 from construction to refueling 24 Trident I C4 SLBM with up to eight MIRVed 100 kT W76 nuclear warheads, range 4,000 nmi (4,600 mi; 7,400 km) SSBN-734 and subsequent hulls upon construction, SSBN-730 to SSBN-733 since refueling 24 Trident II D5 SLBM with up to 12 W76 or W88 (300–475 kTTNT) nuclear warheads (with MIRV), range 6,500 nmi (7,500 mi; 12,000 km) SSGN conversion 22 tubes, each with 7 Tomahawk cruise missiles.

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