Dozor-B APC

The Dozor-B is a Ukrainian 4x4 armoured personnel carrier intended to transport personnel and various loads.

The Dozor-B is also used by special units of the armed forces (quick reaction forces and military police) to carry out reconnaissance, patrolling, and peace-keeping operations, as well as being used as the main transportation vehicle under combat conditions (including NBC environment).

Layout

The layout of the armoured personnel carrier is based on a motor-car scheme. The vehicle is divided into two main compartments: power pack compartment and crew compartment.

The power pack compartment occupies the front and central parts of the hull and is separated from the crew compartment by an air-tight vibration/noise-insulating bulkhead. The compartment accommodates the engine with its operation support systems, transmission, main elements of the steering system, air system, braking system, and components of the air conditioning system and heating system.

The crew compartment occupies the central and rear parts of the hull and is used for accommodating the crew, installing the assemblies required for operation of the crew, and placing various equipment, ammunition, and SPTA. The crew compartment is divided into the driving compartment, fighting compartment, and troop compartment.

The driving compartment is located in the front part of the crew compartment and comprises the driver’s station fitted with armoured personnel carrier controls, and the commander’s station fitted with communications devices and navigation equipment.

The fighting compartment is located in the central part of the crew compartment and comprises the gunner’s station fitted with machine gun laying and control devices.

The troop compartment is located in the rear part of the crew compartment and comprises seats for troops, periscopic vision blocks, and firing ports to enable the troops to carry out observation and to fire small arms.

The crew compartment accommodates the filtering and ventilating unit and the main components of the ventilation, heating, and air conditioning systems.

KMDB Dozor-B
Type	Light APC
Service history
In service	2005 - Present
Production history
Designer	KMDB
Manufacturer	KMDB
Specifications
Main armament	12.7 mm MG
Engine	diesel 197 hp
Suspension	4x4

Protection

The armoured hull of the personnel carrier provides protection of the crew, troops, and internal equipment against small arms fire, anti-tank mines, and effects of the mass destruction weapons.

The hull is made of armour and provides protection against 7.62 mm armour-piercing bullets. The bottom of the armoured personnel carrier is made of armour steel in a cylindrical shape and provides protection against mines. The armoured glass installed on the armoured personnel carrier provides protection that is identical to the protection provided by the main armour of the vehicle.

The design of the hull makes it possible to install additional protection array in the form of removable components that will provide protection against larger calibre bullets and more powerful mines.

The vehicle is fitted with a filtering and ventilating unit, which is intended to purify the ambient air in order to remove toxic agents, radioactive dust, and biological warfare aerosols; to feed the purified air into the crew compartment; to create overpressure in the crew compartment; and to remove firing powder gases from the crew compartment.

Armament

The main armament is a 12.7 mm remote-controlled anti-aircraft machine gun that can be elevated within a range of - 3° to +68° and traversed through a full 360°. The machine gun is fitted with a PZU-7 optical monocular periscopic sight, which provides a magnification of 1.2 and a field of view of 50°.

Observations Devices

The surrounding terrain can be observed through the armoured glass windows and the day-time observation devices. The driver can also use the TVN-5 biocular, periscopic, active/passive night vision device in order to drive the armoured personnel carrier under poor visibility conditions or at night.

Power Pack

The vehicle can be fitted with either IVECO 8142.38.11 engine or DEUTZ BF 4M 1013 FC engine. Each of the two is a four-stroke four-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine with intermediate cooling of turbocharged air.

Power Transmission

The power transmission is mechanical. It provides a constant transmission of torque from the engine to all the wheels. The power transmission comprises the following: gearbox, transfer box, wheel reducers, front and rear main transmissions, and cardan shaft.

Communications and Navigation Devices

For external communications, the vehicle is fitted with the R-173M ultra-short wave, receiving/transmitting radio set and R-173PM radio receiver operating in a frequency range of 30,000-75,999 kHz; for internal communications, with the AVSK-1 crew intercom system.

The vehicle's radio navigation equipment continuously determines the coordinates of location, the time and the vector of absolute travelling speed of the vehicle by using radio signals of the GLONASS and GPS NAVSTAR systems.

Crew Comfort Support Systems

The vehicle is fitted with a ventilation system, heating system, and air conditioning system.

The ventilation system with forced air circulation is intended to supply fresh air into the crew compartment and to remove powder gases when the troops fire their small arms when the filtering and ventilating unit is switched off. The heating system of the liquid type provides crew comfort in cold weather due to the heating of the air in the crew compartment and blowing the heated air to the window glasses.

The air conditioning system provides crew comfort in hot weather due to the cooling or ventilation in the armoured personnel carrier. The system ensures the following:

• cooling of air at ambient air temperatures of 20 to 55 degrees Celsius
• ventilation of air without cooling or heating it in the entire operating temperature range of the armoured personnel carrier

Special Equipment

The vehicle's special equipment includes a central tyre inflation system and a winch. The central tyre inflation system provides automatic regulation of preselected tyre pressure and makes it possible to check and change tyre pressure from the driver’s station to allow for road conditions.

The winch is intended for self-recovery of the armoured personnel carrier, as well as for recovery of other stuck-in vehicles of the same weight class.

Versions of the Dozor-B

The versions of the Dozor-B include the following vehicles:

• armoured personnel carrier
• armoured vehicle
• NBC reconnaissance vehicle
• command vehicle
• ambulance
• reconnaissance vehicle
• general purpose vehicle

BTR-4 APC

The BTR-4 is a 8x8 wheeled armoured personnel carrier (APC) designed in Ukraine by the Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau (SOE KMDB) as a private venture. The prototype, which was designed as a private venture, was unveiled at the Aviasvit 2006 exhibition held in Ukraine in June 2006.

The BTR-4 is a more flexible design than the older BTR-60/70/80s as the changed layout makes it easier to adapt the vehicle to specialized roles.

The layout of the BTR-4 represent a change compared to the older BTR-60/70/80 designed in the Soviet Union. The vehicle has a conventional layout similar to western designs like the German TPz Fuchs with the driver's and commander's compartment at the front part of the hull, the engine and transmission compartment in the middle, and the troop compartment at the rear. The troops enter and leave the vehicle either through the rear doors or the roof hatches, and the driver and the commander are provided with doors located on the sides of the hull.

The vehicle can be armed according to customer requirements. The prototype is armed with the locally designed New Armament Module which is armed with one 30mm automatic cannon, 7.62mm coaxial machine-gun, up to four 9P135M Konkurs or Baryer Anti-tank missiles (two on each side of the turret), and one 30mm automatic grenade launcher (fitted in place of the AT missiles on one left-hand side of the turret). It can also be fitted with different turret weapons modules: the GROM module, SHKVAL module, and the BAU 23x2 module. There are also different designed versions such as the BRM-4K Reconnaissance vehicle, BTR-4K Command vehicle, BTR-4KSh command and staff vehicle, MOP-4K Fire support vehicle, BREM-4K repair and recovery vehicle, and the BSEM-4K recovery and medical vehicle.

The BTR-4 has a maximum speed of 110 km/h and can cross water obstacles at a speed of 10 km/h. The vehicle is powered by a 3TD diesel engine with 500 hp.

BTR-4
Type	Armoured personnel carrier
Place of origin	Ukraine
Service history
In service	Ukrainian Ground Forces
Production history
Manufacturer	Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau
Specifications
Weight	17.5+3% T (with anti-bullet protection) 25+3% T (with additional protection)
Engine	3TD diesel engine 500 hp
Suspension	wheeled 8×8
Operational range	at least 690 km
Speed	110 km/h (road) 10 km/h (in water)

Terrex ICV

The Terrex Infantry Carrier Vehicle (ICV) is an armoured fighting vehicle developed by ST Engineering and Timoney Technology Ltd. Its Turkish variant, the Yavuz, is built by Turkish automaker Otokar together with ST Kinetics (a subset of ST Engineering). It weighs an estimated 25 to 30 tonnes with an 8x8 wheeled chassis with modern armour. Multiple weapon platforms are supported, including both the remote and overhead weapons stations.

Terrex ICV
Type	Armoured personnel carrier
Place of origin	Singapore
Production history
Designer	ST Engineering and Timoney Technology Limited of Ireland
Designed	2004
Manufacturer	ST Engineering and Otokar
Produced	2006
Specifications
Weight	25 tonnes (55,000 lb)
Length	7 metres (23 ft 0 in)
Width	2.7 m (8 ft 10 in)
Height	2.1 m (6 ft 11 in)
Crew	2 (Commander, Driver) + 12 troops
Armor	Classified
Main armament	CIS 40 AGL with 60 rounds
Secondary armament	7.62 mm Co-axial with 250 rounds, CIS SGL with 5 rounds
Engine	Caterpillar Inc. C9 inline-six diesel engine 400 horsepower (300 kW)
Power/weight	16 hp/tonne
Suspension	8x8 Hydropneumatic Double wishbone suspension
Operational range	800 kilometres (500 mi)
Speed	110 kilometres per hour (68 mph)

Terrex ICV Design

As with a number of other recent wheeled armoured vehicles, the Terrex is of modular design with various levels of armour protection and weapon systems being marketed up to a gross vehicle weight of 24,000 kg. Along with its size, the Terrex is air portable by C-130s or other similar cargo aircraft.

The Terrex's layout is conventional: the driver sits front left and the power pack is to the right. This leaves the rest of the vehicle clear for the troop compartment, which is provided with a power-operated ramp and roof hatches.

Various weapon systems can be fitted on the roof, including a remote weapon station armed with a 40mm automatic grenade launcher and a 7.62mm coaxial machine gun or a complete stabilized turret armed with a 25mm M242 Bushmaster cannon and 7.62mm coaxial machine gun. Additional 7.62mm machine guns can be mounted over the rear troop compartment. In addition, the vehicle can be configured to carry varying combat payloads - from turreted weapon stations (including 105 mm tank guns) to rocket launchers. The modular top deck allows for quick configuration change.

The Terrex AV-81 uses a patented independent double wishbone suspension, which greatly improves ground mobility and ride comfort over the roughest terrain. The use of automatic traction control and the capacity for large footprint off-road tires enables it to traverse at unprecedented speeds in soft ground conditions.

The vehicle has a double hull with an external V-hull that improves mine blast survivability. Add-on armour provides further protection for troops. It is also capable of providing full Nuclear, Biological and Chemical protection in extreme operational conditions.

Standard equipment includes powered steering on the front four wheels, central tyre-pressure inflation system, anti-lock braking system and nuclear, biological and chemical defensive system, but there are numerous other options.

In its baseline configuration, the AV-81 Terrex is fully amphibious: two water jets mounted on either side at the back of the hull propel the vehicle through water at 10 km/h.

Saur 1 APC

The Saur 1 (formerly Zimbru 2006) is an armoured personnel carrier developed by the Romanian company ROMARM in 2006.

The hull of the Saur 1 is of all-welded steel which provides the occupants with protection from small arms fire and shell splinters with the highest protection being given over the frontal arc. According to ROMARM, the vehicle has the following levels of protection:

• Ballistic - STANAG 4569 Level 4
• Under wheel station - STANAG Level 4569 3a (8kg TNT anti-tank mine)
• Under hull - STANAG Level 4569 2b (6kg TNT anti-tank mine)

Layout of the new Saur AIV is in line with more recent 8×8 developments in other countries with the driver's position towards the front on the left and the power pack to the right which makes the chassis easier to adopt for a wide range of battlefield missions. The troop compartment extends to the rear of the hull with the roof hatch arrangement depending on the mission. In a typical AIV role the commander would be seated to the rear of the driver and also be provided with a single-piece hatch cover. Both the drivers' and commanders' hatch covers open to the rear and to the immediate front are three periscopes for forward observation. The middle one can be replaced by a passive periscope for driving at night. The weapon station would be in the center of the roof with two hatches over the rear troop compartment which open outwards and can be locked in the vertical position. The troops would typically be seated on individual seats down either side facing inwards. The Saur 1 is capable of speeds in excess of 100km/h.

Saur 1
Type	Armoured wheeled vehicle
Place of origin	Romania
Production history
Designer	ROMARM
Designed	2006
Manufacturer	Uzina Automecanica Moreni SA
Specifications
Weight	14 t
Length	7.8 m
Width	2.9 m
Height	2.52 m
Crew	2 + 9
Armor	STANAG 4569 Level 4, STANAG Level 4569 3a, STANAG Level 4569 2b
Main armament	7.62mm belt-fed MG (modular system - can be reequipped with 30mm autocannon)
Engine	Cummins diesel 280 hp
Power/weight	16KW/t
Suspension	8x8
Operational range	700 km water: 10 km/h
Speed	100 km/h

RG-31 Nyala

The RG-31 Nyala is a 4×4 multi-purpose mine-protected armoured personnel carrier (APC) manufactured in South Africa by Land Systems OMC, a division of BAE Systems. It is based on the Mamba APC of TFM Industries. The RG-31 is built from a V-shaped all-steel welded armor monocoque hull and high suspension, typical of South African mine protected vehicles, providing excellent small-arms and mine blast protection. The vehicle is designed to resist a blast equivalent to two TM-57 anti-tank mines detonating simultaneously. The RG-31 is classified by the United States Department of Defense as a category 1 Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicle.

The vehicle accommodates a crew of 8 or 10, including the driver, depending on model. Dismounting is provided via a large rear door and two front doors.

The RG-31 has become the multi-purpose vehicle of choice of the UN and other peacekeeping and security forces. It is finding favour with non-governmental organisations requiring a vehicle with a non-aggressive appearance to protect their personnel against the threat of land mines.

RG-31 Mk3A
Type	Armored fighting vehicle, APC MRAP
Place of origin	Canada South Africa
Production history
Designer	BAE Systems Land Systems OMC
Specifications
Weight	7.28 t
Length	6.40 m (21 ft)
Width	2.47 m (8.1 ft)
Height	2.63 m (8.63 ft)
Crew	2+6
Main armament	weapons mount
Engine	Option 1: Daimler-Benz OM 352A, 6 cylinder diesel, 123 HP Option 2: Iveco Tector F4AE0681D diesel Option 3: Detroit Diesel Option 4: Cummins 6.7L QSB, 6 cylinder diesel, 275 HP
Suspension	4×4 wheeled
Operational range	900 km (559 mi)
Speed	100 km/h (62 mph)

Lazar BVT

The Lazar BVT, is an Serbian mine resistant ambush protected vehicle, or MRAP, manufactured by Yugoimport. Named after Lazar, a 14th century ruler of Serbia.

Lazar was a vehicle conceived for use in urban and rural anti-infantry patrol and transport role, a supplementary vehicle meant to prevent exposure of even basic infantry units to enemy fire as well as to run support of heavier vehicles in convoy situations. The chassis is started as a simple redesign of the TAM-150 truck but evolved to include a completely modified hull, 4x4 and 8x8 configuration, added armor and dozens of structural improvements. Special attention was given to a high acceleration rate, stability (due to high center of gravity), hardiness and reliability in many types of environments (fire, snow, ice, rain, mud etc). During testing, the vehicle outperformed every parameter except the weight requirement, which was exceeded in full armor and armament load-out, although the report excused this by saying that the extra weight does not degrade vehicle function.

Lazar BVT
Type	MRAP
Place of origin	Serbia
Production history
Designer	SDPR
Designed	2008
Manufacturer	Yugoimport
Specifications
Weight	16.3 t empty basic (with applique 28 t)
Length	7.25 m
Width	1.5 m - 2 m
Height	2.45 m (up to armored hull roof)
Crew	3, 10 passengers
Armor	Basic Lv.III, Applique Lv.V
Main armament	20x110 mm autocannon M55
Secondary armament	7.62mm gun, 30mm grenade launcher
Engine	diesel 440 hp
Suspension	2x2 tandem axles
Operational range	600 km before refueling
Speed	90 km/h

Protection

This vehicle has a standard steel hull with STANAG level III+ protection in the basic configuration, although additional laminate armor developed by Jugoimport provides an upgrade to NATO STANAG 4569 agreement level V+ armor protection. In addition to the two armor configurations mentioned, both can be upgraded with ERA packets for protection against close range urban attacks with RPG weapons, as well as cages and other means of protecting against heavy fire. The armor itself can be considered NERA and is meant only to protect against infantry portable weapons. The ballistic glass is extremely strong, rated at level III in the front and level II+ at the sides. In addition, the specially formatted hull and internal seating arrangement affords maximum protection against IED devices, anti-tank mines and other ground-level explosive devices.

Mobility

The V shaped hull and special drive train construction affords excellent mobility in mud pit situations, over deep trenches, icy and slippery surfaces as well as inclines smaller than 50 degrees. Each wheel and tire has centrally controlled pressure and is created in such a way as to be useful even if the tires are completely destroyed (run flat inserts); the quick lock mechanism allows for fast replacement. The 440 HP engine provides good acceleration but low speed over treacherous terrain, a standardized mechanical transmission allows for direct control. Steering and suspension both are primarily hydraulic and both have mechanical backups. Brakes are dual circuited pneumatics and have an on-off ABS switch in the cab. Maximum speed of 90km/h can be achieved in ten meters of driving and continued for 600km before refueling. Wheel configuration is independent and allows fording by 1.5 meters of depth and trench hopping at 2m of depth.

Ordinance

The thing which stands out about the Lazar is the open side system which allows troops inside to use their own personal weapons (40mm grenade launchers, assault rifles etc) to engage the enemy or help locate threats in a 360 degree area. Of course, in addition to this open concept system there are a variety of turrets, cupolas and other weapons systems depending on budget and application of vehicle.

Cupola options:

• 7.62 x 54 mm machine gun

OR

• 30 mm grenade launcher

Turret options:

• 12.7 x 108 mm machine gun and 7.62 x 54 mm machine gun

OR

• 20 x 110 mm cannon and 7.62 x 54 mm machine gun

OR

• 30 x 170 mm cannon and 7.62 x 54 mm machine gun

OR

• 2 x AT missile system Malutka 2

All versions are equipped with 4 x FLIR and optical ECM smoke launchers. There is an internal space which can be used for transportation of MANPAD systems, larger machine gun setups, all types of food or ammunition and so on.

Special features

These features can be selected from by a potential buyer.

• Air conditioning with compressor and overpressure system for CBRN protection
• 15W VHF radio with UMR
• Interlinked Command Information System with such features as encrypted communications, GPS maps, in-action battle plan modification etc
• Full sensors loadout stabilized in two planes with LIDAR, IR, and optical devices

Boxer AFV

The Boxer is a German-Dutch multirole armoured fighting vehicle designed to accomplish a number of operations through the use of installable mission modules. It is produced by the ARTEC GmbH (ARmoured vehicle TEChnology) industrial group, and the programme is being managed by OCCAR (Organisation for Joint Armament Cooperation). ARTEC GmbH is seated in Munich, its parent companies are Krauss-Maffei Wegmann and Rheinmetall on the German side, and Rheinmetall Nederland for the Netherlands. Other names are GTK (Gepanzertes Transport Kraftfahrzeug; armoured transport vehicle) Boxer and MRAV for Multirole Armoured Vehicle.

Boxer
Place of origin	Germany Netherlands
Specifications
Weight	25.2 t (24.8 long tons; 27.8 short tons) (vehicle); 33 t (32 long tons; 36 short tons) (gross)
Length	7.88 m (25 ft 10 in)
Width	2.99 m (9 ft 10 in)
Height	2.37 m (7 ft 9 in) (baseline vehicle)
Crew	3 (+8)
Main armament	40mm automatic grenade launcher (Heckler & Koch GMG) or 12.7 mm heavy machine gun (M3M)
Engine	MTU V8 199 TE20 Diesel 530 kW (711 hp)
Power/weight	16.1 kW/t (max weight)
Suspension	8x8
Operational range	1,100 km (684 mi)
Speed	103 km/h (64 mph)

Boxer AFV Design

The Boxer is an eight-wheeled MRAV, easily dwarfing most contemporary vehicles with its size. At 33 ton combat weight, it is also about 10 tons heavier than many other contemporary vehicles within the same role. It is designed to carry out a variety of utility missions with maximum flexibility; this is achieved via several different "mission modules" specialized for various tasks which are available separately from the vehicle. The base vehicle is independent of the modules, and modules can be interchanged within an hour. Each module incorporates a primary safety cell with a triple floor.

Known mission modules

• Command Post
• Logistics
• Armoured personnel carrier
• Ambulance
• Battle damage repair
• 120mm mortar

The Boxer is built with a high degree of standardization, and designed to be maintained easily and efficiently. It is capable of being air transported in the future A400M tactical airlifter.

Boxer AFV Protection

The basic vehicle shell is composed of hard steel, and "modular armour" is sandwiched between it and the vehicle cell. The three elements are held together by fastening bolts. The modular armour, currently, is a specialized ceramic mix, but future versions of the armour can be easily fitted to the vehicle by slab replacement. The hull protects against top attack bomblets and AP mines, including "hanging" seats to improve crew protection from explosions below the vehicle. The vehicle is outfitted with advanced thermal, radar, and acoustic stealth technology.

AMZ Żubr APC

The AMZ Żubr is an armored car currently in use by the Polish military. "Żubr" is also the Polish word for wisent. It was designed by AMZ-Kutno and began production in 2008. The standard Zubr variant, the Żubr MRAP, is based on the Iveco EuroCargo vehicle, which is produced in Poland.

The Żubr was designed for enhanced protection against landmines and IEDs. The vehicle's hull is V-shaped to deflect blasts. The Żubr is armored against 12.7-mm armor-piercing rounds and features a remotely controlled weapons station. The Żubr can carry 2000–5000 kg within the vehicle and can tow an additional 1500 kg. The vehicle is all wheel drive. It was designed to and is capable of being transported by the C-130 Hercules.

AMZ Żubr
Type	APC
Place of origin	Poland
Specifications
Weight	15000 kg
Length	6.45 m
Width	2.45 m
Height	2.65 m
Crew	10
Engine	N60 ENT C Iveco Tector 275 hp
Suspension	Wheel
Ground clearance	0.7 m
Operational range	600 km
Speed	100 km/h

MOWAG Piranha APC

The MOWAG Piranha is a family of armoured fighting vehicles designed by the Swiss MOWAG (since April 2010 the name has changed to General Dynamics European Land Systems - Mowag GmbH), corporation.

Five generations of vehicles have been produced, manufactured by MOWAG or under licence by other companies, and variants are in service with military forces throughout the world.

Piranhas are available in 4x4, 6x6, 8x8, and 10x10 wheel versions. There are several variants within these versions, giving different degrees of armour protection and several kinds of turret, for use in a variety of roles. Piranha derivatives have been assigned roles as troop transports, command vehicles, fire support vehicles, tank trainers, and police vehicles.

Piranhas are used by the Swiss Army. Swiss-built Piranha derivatives have been exported to Sweden, Denmark, Ireland, Romania, Spain and Belgium. The Romanian Army and the Belgian Army have selected the Piranha IIIC 8x8. It has decided to convert to all wheeled vehicles, simultaneously removing the current main battle armoured transporter TAB and the Leopard 1 battle tanks, from the inventory. The Piranha is modern and armoured, but lacks the protection, firepower and manoeuvrability of a conventional tracked tank. In total 242 vehicles will be delivered, of which 104 optional.

Piranha derivatives have been manufactured under licence by General Dynamics (Canada), BAE Systems Land Systems (UK), Komatsu (Japan), Cardoen and FAMAE (Chile), and in the USA. The 8x8 US Army Stryker vehicle is derived from the Canadian LAV III which in turn is based on the Piranha, as is the LAV-25 family in service with the USMC. The Australian Defence Force also has its own modified version of the Piranha I 8x8 known as the ASLAV (Australian Light Armoured Vehicle). The ASLAV is operated by two cavalry regiments (the 2nd Cavalry Regiment and 2nd/14th Light Horse Regiment) and is used in the armoured reconnaissance and armoured personnel carrier roles.

Some variants, like the United States Marine Corps's Light Armored Vehicle-25 (LAV-25) and its derivatives, are equipped with propellers for amphibious use, though their swimming capability is restricted to sheltered waters.

A new Piranha V version, weighing in between 25 to 30 tons, was announced as the provisional winner of the British Army's FRES program on 8 May 2008. However this was withdrawn seven months later and bidding has started again.

General Dynamics European Land Systems launched their new Piranha Class 5 at EUROSATORY 2010 on 15 June and it is reported that the British MoD are showing renewed interest but they have no money.

MOWAG Piranha
Type	Armoured personnel carrier
Place of origin	Switzerland
Specifications
Weight	From 9,500 kg
Length	6.25 to 7.45 m
Width	2.5 to 2.66 m
Height	1.8 to 1.98 m
Engine	diesel
Speed	100 km/h

VBTP-MR Armoured Personnel Carrier

The VBTP-MR is a 6x6 armored personnel carrier jointly developed by Fiat's IVECO and the Brazilian Army as part of its "URUTU-3" modernization program aimed to replace all EE-11 Urutu by 2015.

In 1999 the Brazilian Army issued a request (ROB #09/99) for a new family of armoured fighting vehicles with amphibious capabilities able to replace the EE-9 Cascavel and EE-11 Urutu developed in the seventies. The main feature of this new family should be its modular design, allowing the incorporation of different turrets, weapons, sensors and communications systems onto the same carriage, including a communications version, an ambulance version and different fire support versions, armed with large caliber mortar and gun systems.

Deliveries to Brazilian Army to start in 2011-2012 and the project close out in 2030.

There is also a 8x8 variant.

VBTP-MR
Type	Armored personnel carrier
Place of origin	Brazil Italy
Specifications
Weight	16.7 t
Length	6.9 m (23 ft)
Width	2.7 m (8.9 ft)
Height	2.34 m (7.7 ft)
Crew	2 (+ 9 passengers)
Engine	Iveco Cursor 9 diesel engine 383 hp
Suspension	Hydropneumatic
Operational range	600 km (370 mi)
Speed	90 km/h (56 mph)

Pindad APS-3 Anoa - Indonesian APC

The APS-3 "Anoa" (Indonesian: Angkut Personel Sedang) is a 6x6 armoured personnel carrier developed by PT Pindad of Indonesia. The APS-3 is named after the Anoa, which is a type of buffalo indigenous to Indonesia. The prototype was first unveiled at the 61st anniversary of TNI on October 5, 2006 in TNI HQ at Cilangkap, south of capital Jakarta.

Development

The development history of the Pindad Panser was started in 2003 as a result of increased military intervention in the Aceh province. During the conflict, the Indonesian Army put forward urgent requirements for an armored personnel carrier for the transport of troops.

PT Pindad responded to this requirement in 2004, with the APR-1V (Angkut Personel Ringan) a 4x4 armored vehicle based on a commercial Izuzu truck chassis. 14 vehicles were built by Pindad and were sent to Aceh for evaluation and combat trials. However, the follow-on orders for another 26 vehicles were canceled following the 2004 tsunami.

Pindad continued the APC development program with assistance from the Agency For Assessment and Application of Technology or BPPT in 2005. The next prototype was the APS-1 (Angkut Personel Sedang), a 6x6 design that was again based on a commercial Perkasa truck platform by PT Texmaco. Although it was not selected for production, the experience gained in developing the APS-1 convinced the Indonesian Army to give the go-ahead by Pindad to develop the next generation of Panser vehicles, the APS-2 at a production cost of 600 million rupiah or US$60,000 each.

Design

The APS-3 differed from its predecessors which had been based on commercial truck platforms. Instead, the "Anoa" used a monocoque hull design consisting of armor steel. A new torsion bar suspension system was also developed for the Panser. Currently, the engine and transmission are imported from Renault. Indigenous options are being developed as replacements. The driver sits on the right of the vehicle while the vehicle commander sits on the left.

Armament

The baseline vehicle is fitted with a cupola on the left of the vehicle and armed with a 12.7mm (.50 cal) heavy machine gun or a 40 mm automatic grenade launcher. A fire-support version using a CMI Defence's CSE-90 turret with the Cockerill 90 mm Mk III was unveiled at Indo Defence & Aerospace 2008, which was announced that the APS-3 fire-support version would be deployed into the Indonesian Army by 2010.

Variants

The following variants are to be produced by PT Pindad:

• APC
• Fire Support
• Ambulance
• Command
• Logistics
• Armored Recovery
• Reconnaissance/Surveillance
• Mortar Carrier

Operators

• Indonesia: 150 6x6 variants and 4 4x4 variants under construction for the Indonesian Army by 2008 - 2010. A recent news article from PT Pindad suggests a total of 154 Pansers are to be delivered. Anoa 6x6 is being used by Indonesian Army for UNIFIL in Lebanon to replace VAB

Pindad APS-3 "Anoa" 6x6
Type	Armoured personnel carrier
Place of origin	Indonesia
Service history
Used by	Indonesia
Production history
Designer	PT Pindad
Designed	2006
Manufacturer	PT Pindad
Produced	2006
Number built	150
Specifications
Weight	11 tonnes, 14 tons (combat)
Length	6 m
Width	2.5 m
Height	2.5 m / 2.9 m (FSV variant)
Crew	3 + 10 passengers
Armor	Monocoque Armoured, STANAG 4569 level 3
Primary armament	12.7 mm MG, CIS 40 AGL
Secondary armament	2x3 66 mm smoke grenade launcher
Engine	Renault MIDR 062045 inline 6 cylinder turbo-charged diesel, Behr cooling pack 320Hp, 2500 Rpm
Power/weight	22,85 HP/ton
Transmission	Automatic, ZF S6HP502, 6 forward, 1 reverse
Suspension	Independent suspension, torsion bar
Ground clearance	40 cm
Fuel capacity	200 litres
Operational range	600 km
Speed	90 km/h

Namer Israel Heavy APC

Namer is an Israeli heavily armoured heavyweight infantry fighting vehicle based on the Israeli Merkava Mark IV tank. Namer was developed by and is being assembled by the Israeli Ordnance Corps. It has been in service with the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) since summer 2008.

Namer
Type	Infantry fighting vehicle
Place of origin	Israel
Service history
In service	2008–
Used by	Israel Defense Forces
Wars	Gaza War
Production history
Designer	Israel Military Industries
Manufacturer	IDF Ordnance (assembly)
Unit cost	$3 million
Produced	2008–
Number built	15-45
Specifications
Weight	60 tonnes
Crew	3 (commander, driver, RCWS operator)
Armor	Classified composite matrix of laminated ceramic-steel-nickel alloy + underlaid reactive armour. Sloped modular design.
Primary armament	Samson RCWS equipped with either 0.5 in (12.7 mm) M2 machine gun, or Mk 19 grenade launcher, or smaller MG.
Secondary armament	1 × 7.62 mm (0.3 in) FN MAG MG 1 × 60 mm (2.4 in) external mortar 12 smoke grenades
Engine	1,200 hp (895 kW) turbocharged diesel engine
Power/weight	20 hp/ton
Payload capacity	9 infantrymen
Suspension	Helical spring
Operational range	500 km (311 mi)
Speed	60 km/h (40 mph) - top speed

The experience of converting Centurion tanks into armored personnel carriers (Nagmachon) and combat engineering vehicles (Puma, Nakpadon), followed by the successful conversion of many T-54 and T-55 tanks into Achzarit infantry fighting vehicles pushed the idea of converting Merkava tanks into heavily armored APCs / IFVs. The concept held great promise, because many of the 250 Merkava Mark I's were being gradually withdrawn from service and it was also made clear that the 105 mm armament of the Merkava Mark IIs could not be upgraded to the more modern IMI 120 mm gun.

The development did not progress much in the 1990s due to lack of funds, but following 2004 Israel–Gaza conflict, which exposed the vulnerability of the M113 armored personnel carrier to improvised explosive devices and rocket-propelled grenades, the IDF re-opened the development. At that point domestic production of Namer was preferred over purchasing the Stryker armored personnel carrier.

2005-present

Eventually, IDF Ordnance developed some heavy-duty infantry fighting vehicle prototypes based on the Merkava Mark I chassis, and also a handful of IFVs based on the Merkava Mark IV chassis. The vehicle was initially called Nemmera (Hebrew: leopardess), but later renamed to Namer.

On February 15, 2005 Maariv reported that a running Namer prototype based on the Merkava Mark I was fielded by the Givati Brigade for trials and evaluation. It was equipped with a Rafael Overhead Weapon Station, which is remotely controlled and loaded from within the vehicle. This same unit was demonstrated at the Eurosatory 2005 military exhibition with possible export customers showing interest.

Lessons learned in the battles of the 2006 Lebanon War also largely verified this program. Consequently, in 2007 it was reported that the first fifteen Namers would be delivered in 2008, and over a hundred more will finally equip two combat brigades. However, conversion plans were abandoned in favor to newly-built Merkava Mark IV chassis.

On March 1, 2008 an operational, started from scratch and fully-developed Namer IFV based on Merkava Mark IV chassis was officially presented by the IDF. Reportedly, the construction was urged on May 2008 by importing parts from the US. On September 15, 2008, the Namer was unveiled to the general public at an exhibition in Rishon LeZion.

Namer Design

Survivability

Like the Merkava Mark IV, Namer has been designed for a high level of crew survival on the battlefield with modular armor, reinforced V-shaped belly armor pack, and NBC protection. It is also ready to be equipped with an active protection system. As of June 2009, the IDF approved the acquisition of Israel Military Industries' Iron Fist active protection system for the Namer.

Armament

Namer is armed with either a M2 Browning machine gun or a Mk 19 grenade launcher mounted on a Samson Remote Controlled Weapon Station, a 7.62 mm (FN MAG) machine gun, a 60 mm mortar. Smoke grenade launchers are also carried. Mounting an external remote controlled 30-mm autocannon and Spike anti-tank guided missiles is also considered.

Capabilities

Namer is capable of maneuvering in difficult terrain, powered by the Teledyne Continental AVDS-1790-9AR 1,200 hp (895 kW) V12 air-cooled diesel engine of the Merkava Mark III. Namer is able to carry up to 12 troops (crewmen and fully equipped infantrymen) and one stretcher, or two stretchers and medical equipment on a Namerbulance MEDEVAC version. The original Merkava Mark IV rear entrance was redesigned to be a wider door ramp with a sniper port. Two hatches are fitted on the roof, which is higher than Merkava's hull roof. Namer also shares a digital battlefield management system with Merkava Mark IV.

Users

Israel

The Golani Brigade was the first to acquire the Namer. According to IDF, the Namer IFV is set be distributed to infantry and combat engineering forces, with possible future plans for special models for intelligence and command purposes. Two Namers took part in the Gaza War as part of the Golani Brigade. As of February 2009^[update], IDF had ordered 130 Namers and already received about ten, while planning to order a total of 800 vehicles. As of June 2009^[update], IDF received 15 vehicles out of current order of 45.

Export

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan and Israel have conducted negotiations over the Namer vehicle.