2K11 Krug Transportable SAM system

The 2K11 Krug is a Soviet and now Russian long range, medium-to-high altitude surface-to-air missile (SAM) system. "2K11" is its GRAU designation, while SA-4 Ganef is its NATO reporting name. The system was designed by NPO Novator and produced by Kalinin Machine Building Plant.

Vehicles

The TEL vehicles are tracked (modified AT-Ts) based on a GM-123 chassis and carry two missiles each on an elevating turntable for up to 360 degree rotation and 70 degree elevation. The two primary versions of the missile in service are the 9M8M1 (2K11M "Krug-M") and 9M8M2 (2K11M2/3 "Krug-M1"), both of which are believed to be known to the US DoD as SA-4B. The original 9M8M (SA-4A) was first introduced into service in 1965 and followed by the upgraded 9M8M1 (2K11A "Krug-A") in 1967 before the 9M8M1 in 1971 and the 9M8M2 in 1973. The 9M8M2 actually has a lower maximum engagement altitude and shorter range in exchange for better performance in engaging aircraft close to the battery. Each battery typically consists of two 9M8M1 missiles and four 9M8M2 missiles as well as the following radars:

• P-40 "Long Track" E-band early warning radar (also used by the SA-6 and SA-8, range 175 km/108 miles)
• "Pat Hand" H-band continuous wave fire control and guidance radar (range 128 km/80 miles)
• "Thin Skin" E-band height finding radar (also used by the SA-6 and SA-8, range 240 km/148 miles)

Both "Long Track" and "Pat Hand" are mounted on a modified AT-T vehicle, similar to the 9M8 launch vehicles. "Thin Skin" is mounted on a truck. Batteries may also feature Ural trucks carrying spare missiles for reloading the launchers.

Missile

The 2K11 Krug missiles are launched with the aid of four solid fuel rocket motors inside boosters attached to the outside of the massive missile. Once they have burned and the missile is aloft, it fires a liquid-fuelled ramjet sustainer engine. It reaches speeds of up to Mach 4 and has an effective range of 50–55 km (31–34 miles) depending upon the version. It carries a 135 kg (300 lb) warhead. Possible engagement altitudes range from 100 m-27 km (330-88,500 feet). 3M8 missile was designed and produced by NPO Novator.

Missile guidance is via radio command with a terminal semi-active radar homing (SARH) phase. Optical tracking is possible for the initial command guidance stage in a heavy ECM environment.

2K11 Krug NATO reporting name: SA-4 "Ganef"
Type	Transportable SAM system
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1964–present
Used by	See list of operators
Production history
Designer	Lyulev Novator
Designed	1957
Manufacturer	MZiK
Variants	Krug, Krug-A, Krug-M, Krug-M1, Krug-M2, Krug-M3
Specifications (2K11 Krug[1])
Weight	28,200 kg
Length	7.5 m (9.46 m with missiles)
Width	3.2 m
Height	4.472 m (with missiles)
Crew	3 to 5
Armour	15 mm
Engine	V-59 V-12 water-cooled diesel 520 hp
Power/weight	17.33 hp/t
Ground clearance	0.44 m
Fuel capacity	850 litres
Operational range	780 km
Speed	35 km/h